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Shloka 39

धर्मनिन्दा–धर्मोपासनाफलम् तथा साध्वाचारलक्षणम्

Fruits of Disparaging vs. Observing Dharma; Marks of Good Conduct

ग्राम्यधर्म न सेवेत स्वच्छन्देनार्थकोविद: । ऋतुकाले तु धर्मात्मा पत्नीमुपशयेत्‌ सदा

grāmyadharmaṁ na seveta svacchandenārthakovidaḥ | ṛtukāle tu dharmātmā patnīm upaśayeta sadā ||

Maheshvara nói: “Người khéo phân định lợi ích chân thật chớ buông mình theo ý thích vào lối dâm dục ‘thế tục’. Trái lại, là người chuyên tâm với dharma, hãy đến gần và nằm với vợ chỉ trong đúng mùa của nàng (thời kỳ thụ thai), và luôn giữ sự tiết chế ấy.”

ग्राम्यधर्मम्worldly/sexual conduct (coitus as a worldly act)
ग्राम्यधर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम्यधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सेवेतshould practice/indulge in
सेवेत:
TypeVerb
Rootसेव्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्वच्छन्देनby (one's) own will; at will
स्वच्छन्देन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वच्छन्द
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
अर्थकोविदःone who knows what is beneficial/meaningful
अर्थकोविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थकोविद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ऋतुकालेin the season (of fertility/menstrual period)
ऋतुकाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootऋतुकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
धर्मात्माrighteous-minded person
धर्मात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पत्नीम्wife
पत्नीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपत्नी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
उपशयेत्should lie with/approach for bed
उपशयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-शी
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī-Maheśvara (Śiva)
P
patnī (wife)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches disciplined household sexuality: avoid pleasure-driven, self-willed indulgence, and approach one’s wife in accordance with dharma—traditionally, chiefly during her ṛtukāla (fertile period), emphasizing restraint and purposeful conduct.

Śrī Maheśvara is giving a normative instruction on gṛhastha-dharma (householder ethics), defining ‘grāmyadharma’ as worldly sexual indulgence and prescribing regulated conjugal conduct aligned with righteousness and prudence.