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Shloka 75

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

सर्वातिथ्यं त्रिवर्गस्य यथाशक्ति निशानिशम्‌ | शूद्रधर्म: समाख्यातस्त्रिवर्गपरिचारणम्‌

sarvātithyaṁ trivargasya yathāśakti niśāniśam | śūdradharmaḥ samākhyātas trivargaparicāraṇam ||

Maheshvara nói: “Một người Thủ-đà-la, tùy theo khả năng, phải ngày này qua ngày khác không ngừng dâng trọn lễ tiếp đãi và sự kính trọng đối với ba đẳng cấp cao hơn. Phụng sự và hầu cận các Bà-la-môn, Sát-đế-lỵ và Phệ-xá được tuyên là dharma chính yếu của người ấy.”

सर्वातिथ्यम्all kinds of hospitality
सर्वातिथ्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वातिथ्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
त्रिवर्गस्यof the three vargas (dharma-artha-kāma / or three higher varṇas contextually)
त्रिवर्गस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिवर्ग
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
यथाaccording to
यथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
शक्तिability, capacity
शक्ति:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
निशाnight
निशा:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिशा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
निशम्daily, continually
निशम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनिशम्
शूद्रधर्मःthe duty of a Śūdra
शूद्रधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाख्यातःis declared, is stated
समाख्यातः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-ख्या (क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रिवर्गof the three (varṇas / groups)
त्रिवर्ग:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिवर्ग
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
परिचारणम्service, attendance
परिचारणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरि-चर (ल्युट्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Maheśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
Ś
Śūdra
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya
V
Vaiśya

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that a Shudra’s primary dharma is continual service and respectful hospitality toward the three higher varṇas, performed within one’s means (yathāśakti), emphasizing humility, support, and social responsibility.

In Anushasana Parva’s dharma-instruction context, Maheshvara is expounding normative duties; here he defines the characteristic duty of the Shudra as ongoing hospitality and attendance upon Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas.