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Shloka 21

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

अयं मुनिगण: सर्वस्तपस्तेप इति प्रभो | तपोवेषकरो लोके भ्रमते विविधाकृति:

ayaṁ munigaṇaḥ sarvas tapas tepa iti prabho | tapoveṣakaro loke bhramate vividhākṛtiḥ, prabho |

Nārada nói: “Muôn tâu Chúa tể, toàn thể hội chúng hiền triết này quả đã tu khổ hạnh. Mang dáng vẻ bề ngoài của bậc ẩn tu, họ du hành khắp thế gian trong nhiều hình dạng khác nhau. Muôn tâu Chúa tể—vì muốn làm đẹp lòng hội chúng các bậc kiến giả này và cả chính con—xin Ngài giải tỏ mối nghi này của con.”

अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुनि-गणःgroup of sages
मुनि-गणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि + गण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वःentire, all
सर्वः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तेपेperformed (austerity)
तेपे:
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तपः-वेष-करःwearing the garb of an ascetic
तपः-वेष-करः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतपस् + वेष + कर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
भ्रमतेwanders
भ्रमते:
TypeVerb
Rootभ्रम्
FormPresent (Laṭ), Third, Singular, Ātmanepada
विविध-आकृतिःof diverse forms
विविध-आकृतिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविविध + आकृति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

नारद उवाच

N
Nārada
M
munigaṇa (assembly of sages)
P
Prabhu (the Lord addressed; contextually Śiva in this chapter)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical tension between inner spiritual discipline (tapas) and mere external markers (the ascetic’s dress). It frames a sincere inquiry: how to understand beings who appear as ascetics and move through the world in varied forms, urging discernment beyond appearances.

Nārada addresses the Lord (Śiva in this context), pointing to an assembled host of sages who have practiced austerity and now wander the world in diverse appearances. He requests that his doubt about them be clarified, asking for an explanation that will be pleasing to the sages and to himself.