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Shloka 112

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

फलमूलाशनं वायुराप: शैवलभक्षणम्‌ | ऋषीणां नियमा होते यैर्जयन्त्यजितां गतिम्‌

phalamūlāśanaṃ vāyur āpaḥ śaivalabhakṣaṇam | ṛṣīṇāṃ niyamā hote yair jayanty ajitāṃ gatim ||

Śrī Maheśvara phán: Sống bằng quả và rễ, nương vào khí mà tồn tại, chỉ uống nước, thậm chí ăn cả loài thực vật thủy sinh—đó là những giới hạnh mà các bậc hiền triết (ṛṣi) gìn giữ. Nhờ những sự chế ngự ấy, họ vượt thắng dòng luân hồi vốn khó bề khuất phục, làm chủ con đường gian nan bằng tự chế và khổ hạnh.

फलfruit
फल:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मूलroot
मूल:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अशनम्eating; food
अशनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअशन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वायुःair (as sustenance)
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
शैवलalgae; aquatic moss
शैवल:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशैवल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भक्षणम्eating; consumption
भक्षणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ऋषीणाम्of sages
ऋषीणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
नियमाःobservances; disciplines
नियमाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनियम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
होतेare (performed/undertaken)
होते:
TypeVerb
Rootहू
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यैःby which
यैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
जयन्तिthey conquer; they win
जयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजि
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
अजिताम्unconquered; unbeaten
अजिताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअजित
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्state/goal; course; path
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Maheśvara (Śiva)
ṛṣis (seers)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that rigorous self-restraint and austere observances (niyamas)—especially disciplined control of food and bodily needs—are powerful means by which sages overcome the hardest spiritual obstacles and master the difficult path of existence.

Maheśvara is describing the kinds of ascetic practices followed by ṛṣis—living on fruits and roots, subsisting on air, taking only water, or eating algae—as exemplary disciplines that enable spiritual conquest of an otherwise unconquerable 'gati' (course/goal).