Shloka 3

दानशील-समाचारः, सत्कारः, अहिंसा च

Umā–Maheśvara Saṃvāda

Devanagari script

एतेन विधिना मर्त्य: श्रद्धधान: समाहित: । चतुरो वार्षिकान्‌ मासान्‌ यो ददाति तिलोदकम्‌

Transliteration

Dhaumya uvāca: etena vidhinā martyaḥ śraddadhānaḥ samāhitaḥ | caturo vārṣikān māsān yo dadāti tilodakam ||

Translation

Dhaumya nói: “Theo đúng nghi thức này, một phàm nhân đầy lòng tin và giữ tâm chuyên nhất—trong bốn tháng mùa mưa, dâng nước cúng pha mè cho tổ tiên—sẽ được công đức lớn lao. Lời dạy nhấn mạnh rằng bổn phận pitṛ-tarpaṇa được thực hành bền bỉ, có kỷ luật, với chân thành và định tâm, chứ không phải phô trương, là phương tiện mạnh mẽ để tích lũy quả phúc của dharma.”

Word by Word

• एतेन: by this
• एतेन: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• विधिना: by the method/rite
• विधिना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• मर्त्यः: a mortal (man)
• मर्त्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मर्त्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• श्रद्धधानः: having faith, faithful
• श्रद्धधानः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रद्धा + धा (धातु)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle), आत्मनेपद-प्रयोगार्थे विशेषणरूपेण

• समाहितः: collected, composed, concentrated
• समाहितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + आ + धा (धातु)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

• चतुरः: four
• चतुरः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• वार्षिकान्: seasonal/pertaining to the rains (annual-seasonal)
• वार्षिकान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वार्षिक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• मासान्: months
• मासान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ददाति: gives, offers
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (दाने)
• Form: Present (लट्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• तिलोदकम्: sesame-water (water mixed with sesame)
• तिलोदकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिल + उदक
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

धौग्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dhaumya
• pitaraḥ (ancestors)
• tilodaka (sesame-water offering)
• varṣā (rainy season)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Sustained ancestral duty performed according to scriptural injunction—especially with śraddhā (faith) and samādhāna (mental focus)—yields substantial dharmic merit; inner sincerity and regular practice are central.

What is happening in the narrative?

The speaker Dhaumya is instructing about a specific rite: during the four rainy-season months, a person should offer sesame-mixed water as libations to the ancestors (pitṛ-tarpaṇa), presenting it as a highly meritorious observance.