Shloka 2

दानशील-समाचारः, सत्कारः, अहिंसा च

Umā–Maheśvara Saṃvāda

Devanagari script

अग्निकार्य च कर्तव्यं परमान्नेन भोजनम्‌ । दीपकश्चापि कर्तव्य: पितृणां सतिलोदक:

Transliteration

Dhaumya uvāca: agnikāryaṃ ca kartavyaṃ paramānnena bhojanam | dīpakaś cāpi kartavyaḥ pitṝṇāṃ satilodakaḥ ||

Translation

Dhaumya nói: “Hằng ngày phải cử hành các nghi lễ liên hệ đến lửa thiêng. Vào ngày śrāddha, nên thết đãi các Bà-la-môn bằng món ăn thượng hạng. Cũng nên dâng đèn cho các Pitṛ (tổ tiên) và rưới nước cúng pha mè cho họ.”

Word by Word

• अग्निकार्यम्: fire-ritual duty (agnihotra etc.)
• अग्निकार्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्निकार्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कर्तव्यम्: to be done; obligatory
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्तव्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• परम-अन्नेन: with excellent food
• परम-अन्नेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: परम + अन्न
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• भोजनम्: feeding; meal (arrangement of feeding)
• भोजनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भोजन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• दीपकः: lamp
• दीपकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दीपक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• कर्तव्यः: to be done; should be performed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्तव्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पितृणाम्: of/for the ancestors
• पितृणाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• स-तिल-उदकः: water with sesame (tarpana-water)
• स-तिल-उदकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: स + तिल + उदक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

धौग्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dhaumya
• Agni (sacred fire)
• Pitṛs (ancestors)
• dīpa (lamp)
• tila (sesame)
• udaka (water)
• Brāhmaṇas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches daily and occasional duties of dharma: maintain the sacred fire through regular rites, and honor the ancestors through śrāddha—feeding Brahmins with the best food, offering a lamp, and performing tarpaṇa with sesame-mixed water.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-focused setting, Dhaumya lays down practical observances for righteous living, emphasizing household ritual discipline and the proper honoring of the Pitṛs through prescribed offerings.