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Shloka 29

Umā–Maheśvara-saṃvāda: Varṇa-bhraṃśa, Ācāra (Vṛtta), and Karmic Ascent/Decline

अग्निरुवाच पादमुद्यम्य यो मर्त्य: स्पृशेद्‌ गाश्न सुदुर्मति: । ब्राह्मणं वा महाभागं दीप्यमानं तथानलम्‌

agnir uvāca pādam udyamya yo martyaḥ spṛśed gāśna sudurmatīḥ | brāhmaṇaṃ vā mahābhāgaṃ dīpyamānaṃ tathānalam ||

Agni nói: “Kẻ phàm nhân tâm trí tà ác, nhấc chân lên để đá một con bò—hoặc cũng như thế, dám hành hung một brāhmaṇa đại phúc, rực sáng hào quang tinh thần như lửa—đã phạm một sự xúc phạm ghê gớm. Những hành vi ấy phá hoại nền tảng của dharma, vì đó là bạo lực đối với những bậc nâng đỡ và thánh hóa thế gian.”

अग्निःAgni (the Fire-god)
अग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
पादम्foot
पादम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उद्यम्यhaving lifted/raising
उद्यम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-यम्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मर्त्यःa mortal/man
मर्त्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमर्त्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्पृशेत्should touch
स्पृशेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्पृश्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
गाःcows
गाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
अश्नन्eating (while eating)
अश्नन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअश्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
सुदुर्मतिःvery evil-minded/foolish
सुदुर्मतिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुर्मति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणम्a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
महाभागम्highly fortunate/illustrious
महाभागम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाभाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दीप्यमानम्blazing, shining
दीप्यमानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदीप्यमान
Formशानच् (present middle participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अनलम्fire (blazing fire)
अनलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

धर्म उवाच

A
Agni
C
cow (gāḥ)
B
brāhmaṇa

Educational Q&A

The verse condemns violence and contempt toward two pillars of dharmic society: the cow (symbol of sustenance and sacrifice) and the brāhmaṇa (symbol of learning, ritual, and spiritual authority). To strike them is portrayed as a grave moral failure rooted in a corrupted mind.

Agni is speaking in a didactic context within the Anuśāsana Parva, warning about the severe wrongdoing involved in raising one’s foot to strike a cow, or in attacking an illustrious brāhmaṇa whose spiritual brilliance is likened to fire.