Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 47
Vānaprastha-dharma and Tapas: Śiva–Umā Saṃvāda
Forest-Stage Discipline and Austerity
Devanagari script
ततो देवगणा: सर्वे ऋषयश्न॒ तपोधना:
Transliteration
tato devagaṇāḥ sarve ṛṣayaś ca tapodhanāḥ
Translation
Bấy giờ toàn thể chư thiên, cùng các bậc khổ hạnh—những người giàu kho báu của tapas—đều tụ hội.
Word by Word
ततःthen; thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (तस्मात्/तदनन्तरम्-अर्थे)
देवगणाःthe hosts/groups of gods
देवगणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवगण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
ऋषयःsages
ऋषयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
Formअव्यय (समुच्चयार्थक)
तपोधनाःthose whose wealth is austerity (ascetics)
तपोधनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपोधन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
Speaker
देवदूत उवाच
Characters & Entities
द
देवगणाः (hosts of gods)ऋ
ऋषयः (sages/seers)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Dharma is not merely personal opinion; it is affirmed by higher witnesses—divine beings and sages grounded in tapas—suggesting that ethical order is upheld by spiritual authority and disciplined insight.
The speaker (a divine messenger) describes a scene where the gods and austerity-rich sages appear/assemble, indicating a significant turning point where the matter at hand is being witnessed and sanctioned by celestial and rishi communities.