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Shloka 23

Śāṇḍilī–Sumanā-saṃvāda: Sat-strī-samudācāra and Pati-dharma

Conduct of the Virtuous Wife

त्रिविधानीह वृत्तानि नरस्याहुर्मनीषिण: । पुण्यमन्यत्‌ पापमन्यन्न पुण्यं न च पापकम्‌,इस जगत्‌में मनीषी पुरुषोंने मनुष्यके तीन प्रकारके आचरण बतलाये हैं--पुण्यमय, पापमय तथा पुण्य-पाप दोनोंसे रहित

trividhānīha vṛttāni narasyāhur manīṣiṇaḥ | puṇyam anyat pāpam anyan na puṇyaṃ na ca pāpakam ||

Vyāsa nói: Trong thế gian này, bậc hiền trí tuyên rằng hạnh của con người có ba loại—một là công đức, một là tội lỗi, và một là không thuộc công cũng chẳng thuộc tội. Vì vậy, vượt lên trên đối cực thiện–ác, còn có một lối hành động tự do khỏi cả hai, gợi mở sự ly chấp nội tâm và sự siêu vượt mọi sự tính đếm công tội.

त्रिविधानिthreefold
त्रिविधानि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रिविध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
इहhere, in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
वृत्तानिconducts, modes of behavior
वृत्तानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
नरस्यof a man (of a human)
नरस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootनर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
आहुःsaid, have declared
आहुः:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
मनीषिणःthe wise (sages)
मनीषिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुण्यम्merit, virtuous (conduct)
पुण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अन्यत्one (kind), another
अन्यत्:
Visheshana
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पापम्sin, evil (conduct)
पापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अन्यत्another (kind)
अन्यत्:
Visheshana
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुण्यम्merit (virtuous)
पुण्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पापकम्sinful, evil
पापकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपापक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
M
manīṣiṇaḥ (the wise sages)
N
nara (human being)

Educational Q&A

Human conduct can be classified into three ethical types: (1) actions that generate merit (puṇya), (2) actions that generate sin (pāpa), and (3) actions that are free from both—suggesting a higher mode of living marked by non-attachment and transcendence of moral dualities.

Vyāsa is instructing by summarizing a doctrinal classification taught by the wise: he frames human behavior within a threefold ethical scheme, preparing the listener to understand how different kinds of action bind, purify, or leave one unbound.