Shloka 2
Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa
Measures of Time and the Four Yugas
Devanagari script
सूत उवाच पृथिव्यादिप्रसंगेन यन्मया प्रागुदीरितम् / तेषां चतुर्युगं ह्येतत्तद्वक्ष्यामि निबोधत
Transliteration
sūta uvāca pṛthivyādiprasaṃgena yanmayā prāgudīritam / teṣāṃ caturyugaṃ hyetattadvakṣyāmi nibodhata
Translation
Sūta nói: Điều ta đã nói trước đây nhân chuyện về đất và các sự việc khác—chính là về caturyuga của chúng; nay ta sẽ trình bày, hãy lắng nghe kỹ.
Word by Word
sūtaḥSūta
sūtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormLiṭ lakāra (perfect), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana
pṛthivī-ādi-prasaṅgenathrough the context of the earth etc.
pṛthivī-ādi-prasaṅgena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootpṛthivī (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + prasaṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa ‘pṛthivyādyāḥ prasaṅgaḥ’ (context of earth etc.), instrumental ‘by/through the context’
yatwhich
yat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormNapuṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; relative pronoun ‘which’
mayāby me
mayā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormSarvanāma, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana
prākpreviously
prāk:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprāk (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (adverb) ‘earlier/before’
udīritamstated; uttered
udīritam:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootud-√īr (धातु) → udīrita (कृदन्त)
FormBhūta-kṛdanta (past passive participle), Napuṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; ‘was stated’
teṣāmof those
teṣām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormṢaṣṭhī, Bahuvacana
caturyugamthe four-yuga cycle
caturyugam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootcatur (प्रातिपदिक संख्या) + yuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; dvigu collective ‘set of four yugas’
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormNipāta
etatthis
etat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormNapuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; demonstrative referring to caturyugam
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormNapuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; used correlatively with etat
vakṣyāmiI will explain
vakṣyāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormLuṭ lakāra (लुट्, periphrastic future), Parasmaipada, Uttama-puruṣa, Ekavacana
nibodhataunderstand; take note (you all)
nibodhata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni-√budh (धातु)
FormLoṭ lakāra (लोट्, imperative), Parasmaipada, Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd), Bahuvacana