Shloka 1
Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa
Measures of Time and the Four Yugas
Devanagari script
इति श्रीब्रह्माण्डे महापुराणे वायुप्रोक्ते पूर्वभागे द्वितीये ऽनुषङ्गपादे अमावस्याश्राद्धे पितृविचयोनामाष्टाविंशति तमो ऽध्यायः ऋषिरुवाच चतुर्युगानि यान्यासन्पूर्वं स्वायंभुवे ऽन्तरे / तेषां निसर्गं तत्त्वं च श्रोतुमिच्छामि विस्तरात्
Transliteration
iti śrībrahmāṇḍe mahāpurāṇe vāyuprokte pūrvabhāge dvitīye 'nuṣaṅgapāde amāvasyāśrāddhe pitṛvicayonāmāṣṭāviṃśati tamo 'dhyāyaḥ ṛṣiruvāca caturyugāni yānyāsanpūrvaṃ svāyaṃbhuve 'ntare / teṣāṃ nisargaṃ tattvaṃ ca śrotumicchāmi vistarāt
Translation
Như vậy trong Śrī Brahmāṇḍa Mahāpurāṇa, phần trước do Vāyu thuyết, ở Anuṣaṅga-pāda thứ hai, về lễ śrāddha ngày Amāvasyā, chương thứ hai mươi tám mang tên Pitṛvicaya. Vị Ṛṣi nói: Bốn thời đại (caturyuga) đã có trước trong Manvantara Svāyambhuva ấy—con muốn nghe tường tận về sự phát sinh và chân lý của chúng.
Word by Word
itithus
iti:
Vākyārtha-sūcaka (वाक्यार्थसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; iti-śabda (quotative/समाप्तिसूचक)
śrī-brahmāṇḍein the revered Brahmāṇḍa (Purāṇa)
śrī-brahmāṇḍe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī (प्रातिपदिक) + brahmāṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Saptamī vibhakti (7th/सप्तमी), Ekavacana; karmadhāraya title-compound
mahā-purāṇein the Mahāpurāṇa
mahā-purāṇe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā (प्रातिपदिक) + purāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; ‘in the great Purāṇa’
vāyu-proktespoken by Vāyu
vāyu-prokte:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvāyu (प्रातिपदिक) + prokta (कृदन्त; √vac ‘to say’, ppp)
FormNapuṃsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa ‘vāyunā prokte’ (instrumental relation) qualifying purāṇe
pūrva-bhāgein the former section
pūrva-bhāge:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa ‘pūrvaḥ bhāgaḥ’
dvitīyein the second
dvitīye:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; ordinal adjective qualifying bhāge
anuṣaṅga-pādein the Anuṣaṅga-pāda
anuṣaṅga-pāde:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootanuṣaṅga (प्रातिपदिक) + pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa (name of subdivision)
amāvasyā-śrāddhein the Amāvasyā-śrāddha section
amāvasyā-śrāddhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootamāvasyā (प्रातिपदिक) + śrāddha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa ‘amāvasyāyāḥ śrāddham’
pitṛ-vicaya-nāmānamed ‘Pitṛvicaya’
pitṛ-vicaya-nāmā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + vicaya (प्रातिपदिक) + nāman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa ‘pitṝṇāṃ vicayaḥ’ + ‘nāmā’ = ‘named Pitṛvicaya’ qualifying adhyāyaḥ
aṣṭāviṃśatitamaḥtwenty-eighth
aṣṭāviṃśatitamaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootaṣṭāviṃśati (प्रातिपदिक संख्या) + tama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; ordinal ‘twenty-eighth’ qualifying adhyāyaḥ
adhyāyaḥchapter
adhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootadhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
ṛṣiḥthe sage
ṛṣiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormLiṭ lakāra (लिट्, perfect), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana
catur-yugānithe four yugas (set of four ages)
catur-yugāni:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootcatur (प्रातिपदिक संख्या) + yuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Bahuvacana; dvigu ‘caturṇāṃ yugānām samāhāraḥ’
yāniwhich
yāni:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormNapuṃsaka, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; relative pronoun referring to caturyugāni
āsanwere
āsan:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√as (धातु)
FormLaṅ lakāra (लङ्, imperfect past), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana
pūrvamformerly; earlier
pūrvam:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (adverb)
svāyaṃbhuvein (the period of) Svāyambhuva
svāyaṃbhuve:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsvāyaṃbhuva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī, Ekavacana
antarewithin; during (the manvantara)
antare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootantara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Saptamī, Ekavacana; ‘within, in the interval’
teṣāmof those
teṣām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormNapuṃsaka/Puṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī, Bahuvacana; referring to caturyugāni
nisargamorigin; emanation
nisargam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnisarga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
tattvamprinciple; reality
tattvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottattva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
śrotumto hear
śrotum:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Root√śru (धातु)
FormTumunanta (तुमुन् infinitive)
icchāmiI wish
icchāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√iṣ (धातु)
FormLaṭ lakāra, Parasmaipada, Uttama-puruṣa, Ekavacana
vistarātin detail; at length
vistarāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootvistara (प्रातिपदik)
FormPuṃliṅga, Pañcamī (5th), Ekavacana; ablative used adverbially ‘in detail/at length’