Shloka 3
Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa
Measures of Time and the Four Yugas
Devanagari script
संख्ययेह प्रसंख्याय विस्तराच्चैव सर्वशः / युगं च युगभेदश्च युगधर्मस्तथैव च
Transliteration
saṃkhyayeha prasaṃkhyāya vistarāccaiva sarvaśaḥ / yugaṃ ca yugabhedaśca yugadharmastathaiva ca
Translation
Tại đây, ta sẽ trình bày theo chuẩn mực số lượng, một cách rộng rãi và đầy đủ: về yuga, sự phân chia các yuga và pháp (dharma) của từng yuga.
Word by Word
saṃkhyayāby enumeration; by counting
saṃkhyayā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃkhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
ihahere; in this context
iha:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (Indeclinable), देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)
prasaṃkhyāyahaving enumerated
prasaṃkhyāya:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-saṃ-khyā (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (Absolutive/Gerund), परस्मैपद-प्रयोग (active usage), ‘having fully counted/enumerated’
vistarātin detail; from elaboration
vistarāt:
Hetu/Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootvistara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative/5th), एकवचन (Singular)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)
evaindeed; just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारणार्थक (emphatic particle)
sarvaśaḥin every way; wholly
sarvaśaḥ:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsarvaśas (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (adverb of manner)
yugaman age (yuga)
yugam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyuga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)
yuga-bhedaḥthe division/types of yugas
yuga-bhedaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyuga (प्रातिपदिक) + bheda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative: ‘of yuga’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)
yuga-dharmaḥthe duties/characteristics of a yuga
yuga-dharmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyuga (प्रातिपदिक) + dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative: ‘of yuga’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
tathāthus; likewise
tathā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (adverb: ‘thus/so’)
evaindeed; also
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारणार्थक (emphatic particle)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)