मासः पक्षद्वयेनोक्तो द्वौ मासौ चार्कजावृतुः । ऋतुत्रयं चाप्ययनं द्वेयने वर्षमुच्यते
māsaḥ pakṣadvayenokto dvau māsau cārkajāvṛtuḥ | ṛtutrayaṃ cāpyayanaṃ dveyane varṣamucyate
مہینہ دو پکشوں پر مشتمل کہا گیا ہے؛ دو مہینے مل کر ایک رِتو (موسم) بنتے ہیں۔ تین رِتو مل کر ایک اَیَن (نصف سال) ہوتے ہیں، اور دو اَیَن کو سال کہا جاتا ہے۔
Lomaharṣaṇa (Sūta) (deduced: Māheśvarakhaṇḍa context)
Scene: A sage instructs disciples with a palm-leaf calendar; behind them a cosmic wheel shows pakṣa, ṛtu, ayana, and varṣa as concentric rings, with sun and moon marking cycles.
Sacred observances are grounded in ordered time; the cosmos is approached through intelligible cycles.
None; this is a general calendar definition.
None directly; the framework underlies vrata and festival timing.