Rig Veda 7.36.3: Mandala 7, Sukta 36, Mantra 3

Sukta 7.36

Rishi: Vasiṣṭha (traditional for Maṇḍala 7)

Devata: Mitrāvaruṇā (hymn context; this verse uses symbolic-natural imagery in their praise)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ वातस्य ध्रजतो रन्त इत्या अपीपयन्त धेनवो न सूदाः । महो दिवः सदने जायमानोऽचिक्रदद्वृषभः सस्मिन्नूधन् ॥

Transliteration

ā́ vā́tasya dhrajáto rante ityā́ḥ apī́payanta dhenávo ná sū́dāḥ | mahó diváḥ sádane jā́yamāno 'cíkṛdad vṛṣabháḥ sasmínn ū́dhan ||

Translation

Toward the streaming banner of the Wind they move with delight; the giving powers swell like milch-cows, rich in sap. Born in the great seat of Heaven, the Bull cries out in that udder—pressing forth the abundance of luminous nourishment.

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Word by Word

• आ: towards; unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)

• वातस्य: of the wind
• वातस्य: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वात (prātipadika)

• ध्रजतः: of the banner/streamer (i.e., the wind’s ‘banner’)
• ध्रजतः: सम्बन्ध (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ध्रज (prātipadika)

• रन्ते: they rejoice / take delight
• रन्ते: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: रम् (धातु)

• इति: thus
• इति: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (particle)

• आ: towards; forth
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) / ā (preverb)

• अपीपयन्त: they caused to swell / they filled
• अपीपयन्त: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: पी (धातु) / पायय् caus.

• धेनवः: the milch-cows
• धेनवः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (prātipadika)

• न: like
• न: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (particle)

• सूदाḥ: pressers/servers (ritual attendants); (here) as ‘good milkers/pressers’
• सूदाḥ: कर्तृ (appositional to धेनवः) / उपमान
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूदा (prātipadika)

• महो: of the great
• महो: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (prātipadika)

• दिवः: of heaven/sky
• दिवः: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (prātipadika)

• सदने: in the seat/dwelling
• सदने: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सदन (prātipadika)

• जायमानः: being born; coming into being
• जायमानः: कर्तृ (of the following action)
• Type: Participle
• Root: जन् (धातु) → जायमान (present middle participle)

• अचिक्रदत्: he cried out / roared
• अचिक्रदत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रन्द् (धातु) with reduplication (intensive/iterative aorist formation)

• वृषभः: the bull (strong one)
• वृषभः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृषभ (prātipadika)

• सस्मिन्: in that (place/one)
• सस्मिन्: अधिकरण
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (sarvanāman) → सस्मिन् (Vedic strengthened form)

• ऊधन्: in the udder (source of milk/abundance)
• ऊधन्: अधिकरण
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊधन् (prātipadika)