Rig Veda 3.3.9: Mandala 3, Sukta 3, Mantra 9

Sukta 3.3

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (traditional attribution for RV 3.1–3.12; hymn-cycle to Agni/Viśvānara)

Devata: Agni (especially as Viśvānara/All-men Fire as leader and establisher of the worlds)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (11-syllable pādas; standard for many Agni hymns in Maṇḍala 3)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

विभावा देवः सुरणः परि क्षितीरग्निर्बभूव शवसा सुमद्रथः । तस्य व्रतानि भूरिपोषिणो वयमुप भूषेम दम आ सुवृक्तिभिः ॥

Transliteration

vibhā́vā deváḥ su-raṇaḥ pári kṣitī́r agnír babhūva śávasā su-mádrathaḥ | tásya vratā́ni bhūri-poṣíṇo vayám úpa bhūṣema dáma ā́ su-vṛ́kti-bhiḥ ||

Translation

Agni, the luminous One, the god of noble delight, has encompassed the worlds by his force, a chariot of good thought and right movement. May we in our dwelling draw near and adorn his ordinances that foster abundant growth, by our well-fashioned words.

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Word by Word

• वि॒भावा॑: shining, radiant
• वि॒भावा॑: विशेषणम् (कर्तृपदस्य)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-भा (धातु √भा ‘दीप्तौ’) / प्रातिपदिक ‘विभावन्/विभावस्’ (दीप्तिमान्)

• दे॒वः: the god (Agni)
• दे॒वः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)

• सु॒रणः: heroic, good fighter
• सु॒रणः: विशेषणम् (देवः/अग्निः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-रण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘good/strong in battle, heroic’)

• परि: around, all around
• परि: उपपद/क्रियाविशेषणम्
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• क्षि॒तीः: the dwellings/lands (earths, settlements)
• क्षि॒तीः: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षिति (प्रातिपदिक)

• अ॒ग्निः: Agni
• अ॒ग्निः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• ब॒भूव॒: became, has become
• ब॒भूव॒: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (भवति)

• शव॑सा: by might, with strength
• शव॑सा: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: शवस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सु॒मद्र॑थः: having a good/joyous chariot
• सु॒मद्र॑थः: विशेषणम् (अग्निः)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-मद्-रथ (समास; ‘good/joyous chariot’ → ‘having a good chariot’)

• तस्य॑: of him, of that (Agni)
• तस्य॑: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• व्र॒तानि॑: vows, ordinances, sacred laws
• व्र॒तानि॑: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्रत (प्रातिपदिक)

• भूरि॒पो॒षिणः: richly nourishing, bringing much prosperity
• भूरि॒पो॒षिणः: विशेषणम् (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भूरि-पोषिन् (समास; ‘abundant-nourishing’)

• व॒यम्: we
• व॒यम्: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• उप॑: towards, near, in addition
• उप॑: क्रियाविशेषणम्
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• भू॒षे॒म॒: may we honor/serve/adorn
• भू॒षे॒म॒: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भूष् (भूषयति/भूषते ‘अलङ्कारे/सेवायाम्’)

• दमे: in the house, at home
• दमे: अधिकारण
• Type: Noun
• Root: दम (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: to, unto, fully
• आ: क्रियाविशेषणम्
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• सु॒वृ॒क्तिभिः: with well-formed hymns (good praises)
• सु॒वृ॒क्तिभिः: करण
• Type: Noun
• Root: सु-वृक्ति (प्रातिपदिक; ‘good utterance/hymn’)