Rig Veda 2.23.9: Mandala 2, Sukta 23, Mantra 9

Sukta 2.23

Rishi: Gṛtsamada

Devata: Brahmaṇaspati

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

त्वया वयं सुवृधा ब्रह्मणस्पते स्पार्हा वसु मनुष्या ददीमहि । या नो दूरे तळितो या अरातयोऽभि सन्ति जम्भया ता अनप्नसः ॥

Transliteration

tváyā vayáṃ su-vṛ́dhā brahmaṇas-pate spā́rhā vásu manuṣyā́ dadīmahi | yā́ no dūré táḷito yā́ arā́tayo 'bhí sánti jambháyā tā́ anapnásaḥ ||

Translation

With you, O well-increasing Lord of the Word, we would gain the desirable human riches—fullnesses of being. The distant assailants and the hostilities that press upon us—crush them, so they become powerless and without accomplishment.

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Word by Word

• त्वया: by you / with you
• त्वया: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वयम्: we
• वयम्: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सुवृधा: well-strengthened / well-aided
• सुवृधा: Kartā
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-वृध (प्रातिपदिक; वृध् ‘to grow/increase’)

• ब्रह्मणस्पते: O Lord of prayer (Bṛhaspati)
• ब्रह्मणस्पते: (Sambodhana)
• Type: Noun (vocative)
• Root: ब्रह्मणस्-पति (प्रातिपदिक)

• स्पार्हा: desirable
• स्पार्हा: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्पृह्/स्पृहणीय (प्रातिपदिक ‘desirable’)

• वसु: goods / riches
• वसु: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वसु (प्रातिपदिक)

• मनुष्याः: men / mortals
• मनुष्याः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• ददीमहि: we give / we would bestow
• ददीमहि: (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु ‘to give’)

• या: which (those who)
• या: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नः: of us / our
• नः: (Genitive relation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• दूरे: far away
• दूरे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adverbial (locative form)
• Root: दूर (प्रातिपदिक)

• तळितः: lightnings / flashes
• तळितः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: तळित्/तडित् (प्रातिपदिक ‘lightning; flashing’)

• या: which (those who)
• या: Kartā
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अरा॑तयः: hostile ones / enemies
• अरा॑तयः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरा॑ति (प्रातिपदिक ‘harm; hostile intent’ → ‘hostile ones’)

• अभि: towards / against
• अभि: (Directional/Preverbal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• सन्ति: are
• सन्ति: (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु ‘to be’)

• जम्भय: crush!
• जम्भय: (Kriyā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जम्भ् (धातु ‘to crush, to smash’)

• तान्: those (them)
• तान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अनप्नसः: ineffective / unaccomplishing
• अनप्नसः: Kartā (predicative) / (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन-अप्नस् (प्रातिपदिक; अप्नस् ‘work, attainment, success’ → ‘without success/without effective work’)