Rig Veda 2.23.3 — Mandala 2, Sukta 23, Mantra 3

Sukta 2.23

Rishi: Gṛtsamada

Devata: Bṛhaspati

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

आ विबाध्या परिरापस्तमांसि च ज्योतिष्मन्तं रथमृतस्य तिष्ठसि । बृहस्पते भीमममित्रदम्भनं रक्षोहणं गोत्रभिदं स्वर्विदम् ॥

Transliteration

ā́ vi-bā́dhya pari-rā́pas tamā́ṃsi ca jyótiṣmantaṃ rátham ṛtásya tiṣṭhasi | bṛ́haspate bhīmám amítra-dámbhanaṃ rakṣó-haṇaṃ gotrá-bhidaṃ svàr-vidám ||

Translation

Driving away the enclosing darknesses and the hostile pressures, you take your stand upon the luminous chariot of the Truth. O Bṛhaspati, formidable, breaker of the enemy’s arrogances, slayer of the devouring forces, splitter of the cave of concealment, finder of the Sun-worlds of light.

Word by Word

• आ: towards; forth
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (upasarga)

• विबाध्य: having repelled
• विबाध्य: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: बाध् (dhātu) + वि-

• परिरापः: the assailer/harmer (one who injures all around)
• परिरापः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: परि-राप (prātipadika; from √रप/राप ‘harm, injury’ with परि-)

• तमांसि: darknesses
• तमांसि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस् (prātipadika)

• च: and
• च: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (nipāta)

• ज्योतिष्मन्तम्: luminous
• ज्योतिष्मन्तम्: Karma (viśeṣaṇa of रथम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ज्योतिष्मन्त् (adj. prātipadika from ज्योतिस्)

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (prātipadika)

• ऋतस्य: of ṛta (cosmic order/truth)
• ऋतस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत (prātipadika)

• तिष्ठसि: you stand; you take your stand
• तिष्ठसि: Kriyā
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (dhātu)

• बृहस्पते: O Bṛhaspati
• बृहस्पते: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: बृहस्पति (prātipadika)

• भीमम्: terrible; formidable
• भीमम्: Karma (viśeṣaṇa of रक्षोहणम्/गोत्रभिदम्/स्वर्विदम् as epithets)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीम (adj. prātipadika)

• अमित्रदम्भनम्: crusher of foes
• अमित्रदम्भनम्: Karma (epithet of Bṛhaspati)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: अमित्र-दम्भन (prātipadika; दम्भन ‘subduing/crushing’ from √दम्भ/दभ् ‘to harm, deceive, crush’)

• रक्षोहणम्: slayer of demons (rakṣas)
• रक्षोहणम्: Karma (epithet)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: रक्षस्-हन् (prātipadika; हन् ‘slay’)

• गोत्रभिदम्: splitter of the cow-pen/fort (Vala); opener of enclosures
• गोत्रभिदम्: Karma (epithet)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: गोत्र-भिद् (prātipadika; √भिद् ‘split’)

• स्वर्विदम्: finder/winner of heaven (light)
• स्वर्विदम्: Karma (epithet)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: स्वर्-विद् (prātipadika; √विद् ‘find, obtain’)