Rig Veda 10.46.5: Mandala 10, Sukta 46, Mantra 5

Sukta 10.46

Devata: Agni (as the conquering, luminous will and priest-power); with supporting storm/force powers implied (Marut-like mūrāḥ)

Chandas: Trishtubh (probable for RV 10.46; verse-level confirmation needed)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

प्र भूर्जयन्तं महां विपोधां मूरा अमूरं पुरां दर्माणम् । नयन्तो गर्भं वनां धियं धुर्हिरिश्मश्रुं नार्वाणं धनर्चम् ॥

Transliteration

prá bhūrjáyantaṁ mahā́ṁ vipodhā́ṁ mūrā́ amū́raṁ purā́ṁ darmā́ṇam | náyanto gárbhaṁ vanā́ṁ dhíyaṁ dhur hiriśmáśruṁ nā́rvāṇaṁ dhánārcam ||

Translation

Forward they bring the great conquering Force, the wide home of the seer-vision; the strong ones bear the unbewildered, the ancient foundation of the many strongholds. Leading the hidden embryo of the woods, they set the thought in its yoke—like a tawny-bearded power that does not slacken, rich in the chant of plenitude.

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Word by Word

• प्र: forth, forward
• प्र: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (upasarga)

• भूर्जयन्तम्: the strengthening/impelling one
• भूर्जयन्तम्: Karma (object of an implied verb of praising/leading)
• Type: Adjective (present participle)
• Root: भूर्जयत् (प्रातिपदिक; from √भूर्ज/भुर्ज् ‘to make strong/firm; to invigorate’)

• महान्: great
• महान्: Karma (qualifier of the object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)

• विपोधाम्: (those) awakening/wise (women), awakeners
• विपोधाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: विपोधा (प्रातिपदिक; vi- + √बुध ‘to awaken/know’)

• मूराः: the foolish (ones)
• मूराः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: मूर (प्रातिपदिक; ‘foolish/dull’)

• अमूरम्: unfoolish, not dull
• अमूरम्: Karma (qualifier of the object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-मूर (प्रातिपदिक; neg. of मूर)

• पुराम्: formerly, of old
• पुराम्: —
• Type: Indeclinable (here adverbial)
• Root: पुरा (avyaya) / पुर् (प्रातिपदिक ‘fort, stronghold’)

• दर्माणम्: the breaker (of forts/obstacles)
• दर्माणम्: Karma (epithet of the object)
• Type: Noun (agent/epithet)
• Root: दर्माण (प्रातिपदिक; ‘breaker/cleaver’, agent-noun)

• नयन्तः: leading, guiding
• नयन्तः: Kartā
• Type: Verb (present participle)
• Root: √नी (नयति)

• गर्भम्: embryo, inner germ
• गर्भम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वनाम्: of the woods/forests
• वनाम्: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वन (प्रातिपदिक)

• धियम्: thought, inspired insight
• धियम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धि (प्रातिपदिक)

• धुः: they placed/put
• धुः: Kriyā (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √धा (Vedic injunctive/aorist-like form; also analyzed as perfective ‘they placed’)

• हिरिश्मश्रुम्: golden-bearded
• हिरिश्मश्रुम्: Karma (qualifier of the object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हिरि-श्मश्रु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘yellow/golden-bearded’)

• नार्वाणम्: heroic, vigorous
• नार्वाणम्: Karma (qualifier of the object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नार्वाण (प्रातिपदिक; epithet, ‘manly/heroic’)

• धनर्चम्: wealth-winning praise/hymn
• धनर्चम्: Karma
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: धन-अर्च (प्रातिपदिक; ‘wealth-praising/wealth-winning hymn’)