Rig Veda 1.116.12: Mandala 1, Sukta 116, Mantra 12

Sukta 1.116

Rishi: Kakṣīvant Dairghatamasa

Devata: Aśvinau (Nāsatyā)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तद्वां नरा सनये दंस उग्रमाविष्कृणोमि तन्यतुर्न वृष्टिम् । दध्यङ्ह यन्मध्वाथर्वणो वामश्वस्य शीर्ष्णा प्र यदीमुवाच ॥

Transliteration

tád vāṃ narā sanáye dáṃsa ugrám āvíṣ kṛṇomi tanyatúr na vṛṣṭím | dadhyáṅ ha yán mádhvātharváṇo vā́m áśvasya śīrṣṇā́ prá yád īm uvā́ca ||

Translation

This fierce act of power of yours I make manifest for the winning, like thunder making the rain visible. When Dadhyañc, the Atharvan, spoke to you the honeyed truth from the head of the horse—then your secret knowledge became a victorious revelation.

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Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (object of ‘आविष्कृणोमि’) / (also possible as demonstrative ‘that’)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• वाम्: for you two / you two
• वाम्: Sampradāna/Adhikaraṇa (for you two; addressed to the Aśvins) / or object ‘you two’ contextually
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• नरा: O two men (Aśvins)
• नरा: (Address) Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)

• सनये: for winning, for gaining
• सनये: Sampradāna (for winning/for attainment)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सनि (प्रातिपदिक; ‘gain, winning’)

• दंसः: a wondrous deed, marvel
• दंसः: Kartā (subject of ‘आविष्कृणोमि’: ‘the marvel… I make manifest’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दंस (प्रातिपदिक; ‘marvel, wondrous deed/skill’)

• उग्रम्: mighty, fierce
• उग्रम्: Karma (as qualifier of the object ‘that (marvel)’) / predicative qualifier
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• आविष्कृणोमि: I make manifest, I reveal
• आविष्कृणोमि: Kriyā (main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (करोति) with preverb ‘आविस्/आविः’ (to make manifest)

• तन्यतुः: thunder
• तन्यतुः: Upamāna/Kartā (in simile with ‘वृष्टिम्’: like thunder [brings] rain)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तन्यतु (प्रातिपदिक; ‘thunder’)

• न: like, as
• न: (links simile)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)

• वृष्टिम्: rain
• वृष्टिम्: Karma (object in the simile: rain)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)

• दध्यङ्: Dadhyañc (the seer)
• दध्यङ्: Kartā (subject of ‘उवाच’)
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: दध्यङ् (ऋषि-नाम; प्रातिपदिक)

• यत्: what, that which
• यत्: Karma (object of ‘उवाच’: what he said)
• Type: Relative Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मध्वा: with honey; with the sweet (mystic) [drink/knowledge]
• मध्वा: Karaṇa (by/with honey; i.e., with sweet/secret doctrine)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मधु (प्रातिपदिक)

• अथर्वणः: of Atharvan
• अथर्वणः: Sambandha (of Atharvan)
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: अथर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक; Atharvan)

• वाम्: to you two
• वाम्: Sampradāna (to/for you two) / recipient in speech context
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम)

• अश्वस्य: of a horse
• अश्वस्य: Sambandha (of the horse)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व (प्रातिपदिक)

• शीर्ष्णा: with (its) head
• शीर्ष्णा: Karaṇa (by/with the head)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शीर्षन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• प्र: forth, openly
• प्र: (modifies ‘उवाच’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्र (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• यदा: when
• यदा: Adhikaraṇa (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय; temporal)

• ईम्: him/it (enclitic)
• ईम्: Karma (enclitic object with ‘उवाच’)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ईम् (अव्यय; enclitic pronominal particle)

• उवाच: he spoke, he told
• उवाच: Kriyā (verb of speaking)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (to speak)