Shloka 1

कुम्भकर्णवधश्रवणेन रावणविलापः

Ravana’s Lament on Hearing of Kumbhakarna’s Slaying

Devanagari script

कुम्भकर्णंहतंदृष्टवाराघवेणमहात्मना ।राक्षसाराक्षसेन्द्रायरावणायन्यवेदयन् ।।।।

Transliteration

kumbhakarṇaṁ hataṁ dṛṣṭvā rāghaveṇa mahātmanā |

rākṣasā rākṣasendrāya rāvaṇāya nyavedayan ||

Translation

جب انہوں نے دیکھا کہ مہاتما راغھو (رام) کے ہاتھوں کُمبھکرن مارا گیا ہے تو راکشسوں نے راکشس راج راون کو یہ خبر جا کر سنائی۔

Word by Word

• kumbhakarṇam: Kumbhakarṇa
• kumbhakarṇam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kumbhakarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• hatam: slain
• hatam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: han (धातु)
• Form: Kta (क्त) past participle; Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana qualifying kumbhakarṇam

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Ktva absolutive (क्त्वा)

• rāghaveṇa: by Rāghava (Rāma)
• rāghaveṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental), Ekavacana

• mahātmanā: by the great-souled one
• mahātmanā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya 'great-souled' qualifying rāghaveṇa

• rākṣasāḥ: the rākṣasas
• rākṣasāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• rākṣasendrāya: to the king of rākṣasas
• rākṣasendrāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rākṣasa (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Caturthī (Dative/चतुर्थी), Ekavacana; Samāsa: rākṣasānām indraḥ = 'king of rākṣasas' (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• rāvaṇāya: to Rāvaṇa
• rāvaṇāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Caturthī, Ekavacana (apposition to rākṣasendrāya)

• nyavedayan: informed, reported
• nyavedayan: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni + vid (धातु)
• Form: Laṅ-lakāra, Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana; parasmaipada

Context

Seeing Kumbhakarna slain by the glorious Raghava, the Rakshasas informed Ravana, the king of Rakshasas.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rāma (Rāghava)
• Rāvaṇa
• Rākṣasas

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Satya (truthful reporting) appears as a basic duty even in a hostile camp: messengers convey reality as it is, and consequences follow from actions.

What is the narrative situation?

After Kumbhakarṇa falls to Rāma, the rākṣasas go to Rāvaṇa and announce the death.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s steadfast efficacy in dharmic warfare is emphasized—his action decisively removes a major threat to restore moral order.