Shloka 2

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

समुदीरितवीर्यास्तेसमारोपितविक्रमाः ।पर्यवस्थापितावाक्यैरङ्गदेनवलीमुखाः ।।।।प्रयाताश्चगताहर्षंमरणेकृतश्चयाः ।चक्रुस्सुतुमुलंयुद्धंवानरास्त्यक्तजीविताः ।।।।

Transliteration

samudīrita-vīryās te samāropita-vikramāḥ |

paryavasthāpitā vākyair aṅgadena valīmukhāḥ ||

prayātāś ca gatā harṣaṃ maraṇe kṛta-niścayāḥ |

cakrus sutumulaṃ yuddhaṃ vānarās tyakta-jīvitāḥ ||

Translation

انگد کے کلمات سے اُن واناتر سرداروں کا پرَاکرم بھڑک اٹھا اور عزمِ جنگ تازہ ہوا۔ وہ خوش دلی سے آگے بڑھے، موت تک کا نِشچَے کر کے، اور جان کی پروا چھوڑ کر واناتروں نے نہایت ہولناک و پُرغوغا جنگ چھیڑ دی۔

Word by Word

• samudīrita-vīryāḥ: with their valor stirred up
• samudīrita-vīryāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-ud-īr (धातु) + kta (कृत्) + vīrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (karmadhāraya-like participial qualifier): samudīritaṃ vīryaṃ yeṣām/ye (whose valor was roused); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of te/valīmukhāḥ

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• samāropita-vikramāḥ: with their prowess heightened
• samāropita-vikramāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-ā-rop (धातु) + kta (कृत्) + vikrama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: samāropitaḥ vikramaḥ yeṣām/ye (whose prowess was set/raised); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• paryavasthāpitāḥ: encouraged; steadied
• paryavasthāpitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari-ava-√sthā (धातु) + ṇic (causative) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Causative kta-participle (past passive participle); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; 'having been made to stand firm/encouraged'

• vākyaiḥ: by words
• vākyaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vākya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Bahuvacana

• aṅgadena: by Angada
• aṅgadena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṅgada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana

• valīmukhāḥ: the vanaras
• valīmukhāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: valīmukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; 'monkey-faces' i.e., monkeys/vanaras

• prayātāḥ: set out; advanced
• prayātāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√yā (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Kta-participle; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; 'having set out'

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-nipāta

• gatā-harṣam: with joy gone; joyless
• gatā-harṣam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: gata (कृदन्त from √gam) + harṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: gataḥ harṣaḥ yeṣām (whose joy is gone); Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana used adverbially (state/condition while acting)

• maraṇe: in death; regarding death
• maraṇe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: maraṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Saptamī (Locative/7th), Ekavacana

• kṛta-ścayāḥ: having made a resolve
• kṛta-ścayāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛta (कृदन्त from √kṛ) + ścaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: kṛtaḥ ścayaḥ (decision/resolution) yeṣām; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

• cakruḥ: made; waged
• cakruḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana; parasmaipada

• su-tumulam: very tumultuous; fierce
• su-tumulam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + tumula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyayībhāva (intensifier): su-tumula = very fierce; Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of yuddham

• yuddham: battle
• yuddham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• vānarāḥ: the vanaras
• vānarāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; apposition to valīmukhāḥ

• tyakta-jīvitāḥ: having renounced their lives; life-staking
• tyakta-jīvitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tyakta (कृदन्त from √tyaj) + jīvita (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: tyaktaṃ jīvitaṃ yeṣām (who have abandoned life); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

Context

The Vanara leaders, having been reminded of their valour in battle by Angada gladly returned with a resolve to stake their life and carried on the battle.

Characters & Entities

• Aṅgada
• Vānara leaders (Valīmukhas)
• Vānara army

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is sustained through collective responsibility: leaders inspire others to act for the common good, even at personal cost, when the cause is just.

What is the narrative situation?

Aṅgada rallies the Vānara chiefs; they return to the fight with renewed courage and engage in intense combat.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Aṅgada’s leadership and the Vānara warriors’ tyāga (self-sacrifice) and utsāha (heroic zeal) in service of Rāma’s righteous mission.