Shloka 1

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

तेनिवृत्तामहाकायाश्श्रुत्वाङ्गदवचस्तदा ।नैष्ठिकींबुद्धिमास्थायसर्वेसङ्ग्रामकाङ्क्षिणः ।।।।

Transliteration

te nivṛttā mahākāyāḥ śrutvāṅgada-vacas tadā | naiṣṭhikīṁ buddhim āsthāya sarve saṅgrāma-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ ||

Translation

تب اُن عظیم الجثہ وानروں نے انگد کے کلام کو سن کر ثابت قدم عزم اختیار کیا؛ سب کے سب جنگ کے مشتاق ہو کر پلٹ آئے۔

Word by Word

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; sarvanāma

• nivṛttāḥ: having returned/turned back
• nivṛttāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-vṛt (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Kta-participle; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; kartari-bhāvaḥ (having turned back/returned)

• mahākāyāḥ: huge-bodied
• mahākāyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + kāya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya: mahān kāyaḥ yeṣām/ye (great-bodied); Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of te

• śrutvā: having heard
• śrutvā: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive (ktvānta), avyaya; pūrva-kāla-kriyā (prior action)

• aṅgada-vacaḥ: Angada's words
• aṅgada-vacaḥ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aṅgada (प्रातिपदिक) + vacas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa: aṅgadasya vacaḥ; Napuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kālādhi karaṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Kāla-avyaya (temporal adverb)

• naiṣṭhikīm: firm; resolute
• naiṣṭhikīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: naiṣṭhikī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of buddhim

• buddhim: resolve; intention
• buddhim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: buddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana

• āsthāya: having adopted
• āsthāya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-√sthā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive (lyap), avyaya; 'having adopted/taken'

• sarve: all
• sarve: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana; viśeṣaṇa of te

• saṅgrāma-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ: desiring battle
• saṅgrāma-kāṅkṣiṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṅgrāma (प्रातिपदिक) + kāṅkṣin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa: saṅgrāmaṃ kāṅkṣanti iti; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Bahuvacana

Context

Kumbhakarna's arm severed by Rama's arrow was like a mountain peak. It fell on Vanara army too and killed the monkey king's army.

Characters & Entities

• Aṅgada
• Vānara warriors

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Firm resolve in righteous action: dharma is sustained by steadfast intention, not momentary emotion like fear.

What is the narrative situation?

Aṅgada’s exhortation succeeds; the Vānaras regain determination and return to the battle.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Steadfast resolve—naiṣṭhikī buddhi—collective commitment to the cause.