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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 50

Janaka’s Quest for Liberation; Pañcaśikha’s Sāṅkhya on Renunciation, Elements, Guṇas, and the Deathless State

जनक उवाच । भगवन्यदि न प्रेत्य संज्ञा भवति कस्यचित् । एवं सति किमज्ञानं ज्ञानं वा किं करिष्यति ॥ ५० ॥

janaka uvāca | bhagavanyadi na pretya saṃjñā bhavati kasyacit | evaṃ sati kimajñānaṃ jñānaṃ vā kiṃ kariṣyati || 50 ||

جنک نے کہا— اے بھگون! اگر مرنے کے بعد کسی کو بھی شعور باقی نہ رہے، تو پھر جہالت یا معرفت میں کیا فرق، اور وہ کیا کر سکیں گے؟ ॥50॥

जनकःJanaka
जनकः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootजनक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
भगवन्O Lord
भगवन्:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, संबोधन (Vocative), एकवचन
यदिif
यदि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Condition marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/शर्तसूचक अव्यय (conditional particle)
not
:
Nishedha (निषेध/Negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध अव्यय (negation particle)
प्रेत्यafter death; having departed
प्रेत्य:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र-इ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund) from प्र + इ; अर्थः—‘मृत्युमतीत्य/परलोकं गत्वा’
संज्ञाconsciousness; awareness
संज्ञा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसंज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
भवतिexists; becomes
भवति:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
कस्यचित्of anyone
कस्यचित्:
Shashthi-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootकश्चित् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (सामान्यतः), षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; अनिश्चित/indefinite pronoun
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formरीतिवाचक अव्यय (manner adverb)
सतिwhen (this) is so
सति:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative absolute)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formसत्-प्रत्ययान्त (present participle) ‘सत्’ का सप्तमी एकवचन; लोके—सप्तमी absolute (locative absolute)
किम्what
किम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
अज्ञानम्ignorance
अज्ञानम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootअज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन
ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Disjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय (disjunctive particle)
किम्what
किम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
करिष्यतिwill do; will accomplish
करिष्यति:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Janaka

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

J
Janaka

FAQs

It challenges a nihilistic view of death by asking: if there is no post-mortem awareness, then spiritual striving becomes meaningless—prompting the teaching that true knowledge concerns the enduring Self (ātman) and liberation (mokṣa).

Indirectly, it sets up the need for a lasting spiritual reality; bhakti is meaningful because the soul’s relationship with the Divine (often framed as Vishnu/Narayana in Moksha-dharma contexts) is not destroyed by death.

No specific Vedanga (such as Vyākaraṇa, Jyotiṣa, or Kalpa) is taught in this verse; it is primarily a mokṣa-śāstra question about consciousness (saṃjñā) and the value of jñāna.