HomeMarkandeya PuranaAdhy. 8Shloka 138
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Shloka 138

Adhyaya 8Harishchandra’s Trial: Truth, the Sale of Family, and Bondage to a Chandala

अपश्यद्यददूतान् वै पाशहस्तान् भयावहान् ।

तैः संगृहीतमात्मानं नीयमानं तदा बलात् ॥

apaśyad yamadūtān vai pāśahastān bhayāvahān |

taiḥ saṃgṛhītam ātmānaṃ nīyamānaṃ tadā balāt ||

اس نے یم کے قاصدوں کو دیکھا جو ہاتھوں میں پھندے لیے ہوئے نہایت ہیبت ناک تھے؛ اور اس نے اپنے آپ کو بھی دیکھا کہ وہ اسے پکڑ کر زبردستی لے جا رہے ہیں۔

apaśyathe saw
apaśyat:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Finite verb)
TypeVerb
Rootpaś (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada
yama-dūtānYama’s messengers
yama-dūtān:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootyama-dūta (प्रातिपदिक; यम + दूत)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुष (‘yamasya dūtāḥ’)
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (निपात)
pāśa-hastānwith nooses in hand
pāśa-hastān:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpāśa-hasta (प्रातिपदिक; पाश + हस्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); बहुव्रीहि (‘pāśaḥ haste yeṣām’ = having nooses in their hands) qualifying ‘yama-dūtān’
bhaya-āvahānbringing fear
bhaya-āvahān:
Karma (कर्म/Object qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhaya-āvaha (प्रातिपदिक; भय + आवह)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुष (‘bhayaṃ āvahanti’ = bringing fear) qualifying ‘yama-dūtān’
taiḥby them
taiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Agent-instrument; by them)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)
saṃgṛhītamseized
saṃgṛhītam:
Karma (कर्म/Object predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-grah (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (कृत्: क्त), Masculine/Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agreeing with ‘ātmānam’
ātmānamhimself
ātmānam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)
nīyamānambeing led away
nīyamānam:
Karma (कर्म/Object predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootnī (धातु)
FormPresent passive participle (कृत्: शानच्/मान), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agreeing with ‘ātmānam’
tadāthen
tadā:
Kāla (काल/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottadā (अव्यय)
FormTemporal adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय) ‘then’
balātby force
balāt:
Hetu (हेतु/Cause-manner)
TypeNoun
Rootbala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन); adverbial ablative ‘by force/forcibly’
Narrator (describing the king’s vision)

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Yama
Karmic justiceYama and afterlife imageryFear and accountabilityNaraka-vision

FAQs

Moral law is depicted as enforceable: the noose-bearing Yamadūtas symbolize inevitability—one cannot ‘argue away’ consequences once actions mature into results.

Outside pancalakṣaṇa; it is a dharma narrative illustrating the mechanics of karmic recompense.

The ‘noose’ can be read as attachment and wrongdoing tightening around the self; Yamadūtas are the personified forces that pull consciousness toward the appropriate experiential realm.