Shloka 58

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

कृतत्रेतादिकश्चात्र चतुर्युगकृतो विधिः । एतत्तु भारतं वर्षं चतुः संस्थानसंस्थितम् ॥

Transliteration

kṛtatretādikaś cātra caturyugakṛto vidhiḥ | etat tu bhārataṃ varṣaṃ catuḥ saṃsthānasaṃsthitam ||

Translation

یہاں کِرت، تریتا وغیرہ یُگوں سے متعلقہ وِدھان چاروں یُگوں کے قاعدے کے طور پر قائم ہے۔ اور یہ بھارت وَرش چار طرح کے ‘سَمسْتھان’ میں مرتب ہے۔

Word by Word

• कृतत्रेतादिकः: beginning with Kṛta and Tretā (yugas)
• कृतत्रेतादिकः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत-त्रेता-आदिक (प्रातिपदिक; कृत + त्रेता + आदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देश/प्रकरण-अव्यय (adverb: ‘here/in this context’)

• चतुर्युगकृतः: made of four yugas / consisting of four ages
• चतुर्युगकृतः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्-युग-कृत (प्रातिपदिक; चतुर् + युग + कृत)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

• विधिः: the rule/arrangement
• विधिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle; contrast/emphasis)

• भारतं: Bhārata (Indian)
• भारतं: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भारत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

• वर्षम्: region/land (varṣa)
• वर्षम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• चतुः: four
• चतुः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययवत् संख्या-रूप (numeral used indeclinably here); ‘four’

• संस्थानसंस्थितम्: situated/arranged in (four) formations
• संस्थानसंस्थितम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संस्थान-संस्थित (प्रातिपदिक; संस्थान + संस्थित)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

Speakers

• Frame dialogue context; speaker not explicit in given excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Yugas
• Cosmology
• Sacred geography
• Bhāratavarṣa

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Bhārata is presented as the stage where time’s moral rhythms (yuga-dharma) are operative; human life is shaped by cyclic conditions, yet remains accountable to vidhi (normative order).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This aligns with manvantara/yuga-related cosmological structuring, supporting the Purāṇic account of time (kāla) and its dharmic modulation.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘fourfold configuration’ can be read as a symbolic ordering of space mirroring the fourfold ordering of time (four yugas), implying a correspondence between geography and temporality.