Shloka 22

Adhyaya 54 — Cosmography of Jambudvipa: Continents, Oceans, Varshas, and Mount Meru

Sanskrit

जठरो देवकूटश्च पूर्वस्यां दिशि पर्वतौ ।

आनीलनिषधौ प्राप्तौ परस्परनिरन्तरौ ॥

Transliteration

jaṭharo devakūṭaśca pūrvasyāṃ diśi parvatau / ānīlaniṣadhau prāptau parasparanirantarau

Translation

مشرق کی سمت جٹھَر اور دیوکُوٹ—یہ دو پہاڑ بیان کیے گئے ہیں۔ وہیں آنیل اور نِشدھ بھی بغیر کسی خلا کے ایک دوسرے سے جڑے ہوئے واقع ہیں۔

Word by Word

• jaṭharaḥ: Jaṭhara (mountain/name)
• jaṭharaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jaṭhara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• devakūṭaḥ: Devakūṭa (mountain/name)
• devakūṭaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक) + kūṭa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (devasya kūṭaḥ)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• pūrvasyām: in the eastern
• pūrvasyām: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; दिक्-विशेषण (qualifying diśi)

• diśi: direction
• diśi: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: diś (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; स्थानवाचक

• parvatau: two mountains
• parvatau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parvata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), द्विवचन

• ānīla-niṣadhau: Ānīla and Niṣadha
• ānīla-niṣadhau: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ānīla (प्रातिपदिक) + niṣadha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (two named mountains)

• prāptau: have reached/are situated
• prāptau: Kriyā (क्रिया/भवति-अर्थ)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √āp (आप्) + pra (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लिट्/परिप्रयोगे क्त-प्रायः; वस्तुतः ‘प्राप्त’ इति क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्तस्य द्विवचन-प्रथमा (past participle used predicatively); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, द्विवचन

• paraspara-nirantarau: mutually contiguous/without gap between each other
• paraspara-nirantarau: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: paraspara (प्रातिपदिक) + nirantara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), द्विवचन; विशेषण (qualifying ānīla-niṣadhau)

Speakers

• Not identifiable from the supplied excerpt (cosmography narration)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sacred Geography
• Directional mountain ranges

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The insistence on continuity (no gap) underscores a Purāṇic sense of a seamlessly connected cosmos—an ordered whole rather than scattered fragments.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga/Sthāna cosmography: mapping the world’s structural geography around Meru.

What is the esoteric significance?

Contiguous mountain-pairs can symbolize paired supports (e.g., complementary forces) that hold a direction/quarter stable—useful for mandala-style contemplation.