Shloka 57

Adhyaya 45 — Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

Sanskrit

शान्ता घोराश्च मूढाश्च विशेषास्तेन ते स्मृताः ।

परस्परानुप्रवेशाद्धारयन्ति परस्परम् ॥

Transliteration

śāntā ghorāśca mūḍhāśca viśeṣāstena te smṛtāḥ / parasparānupraveśāddhārayanti parasparam

Translation

پس وہ مخصوص عناصر (وِشیش) پُرسکون، ہولناک اور موہ پیدا کرنے والے کہے گئے ہیں۔ باہمی نفوذ کے ذریعے وہ ایک دوسرے کو سنبھالتے ہیں۔

Word by Word

• śāntāḥ: calm
• śāntāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śānta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural; ‘calm’ qualifying viśeṣāḥ

• ghorāḥ: terrible
• ghorāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghora (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural; ‘terrible’ qualifying viśeṣāḥ

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• mūḍhāḥ: dull; deluded
• mūḍhāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mūḍha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural; ‘dull/deluded’ qualifying viśeṣāḥ

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• viśeṣāḥ: distinct qualities; particular states
• viśeṣāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural

• tena: thereby; therefore
• tena: Hetu (हेतु/Reason)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental sense used adverbially: ‘thereby/therefore’ (तेन)

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता/Subject apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural; pronoun referring to viśeṣāḥ

• smṛtāḥ: are called; are regarded
• smṛtāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate, nominal)
• Type: Verb
• Root: smṛ (धातु) + ta (कृत्)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine Nominative Plural; used predicatively ‘are called/are considered’

• paraspara-anupraveśāt: from mutual interpenetration
• paraspara-anupraveśāt: Hetu (हेतु/Reason)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paraspara + anupraveśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (पञ्चमी) Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘from mutual interpenetration’

• dhārayanti: support; sustain
• dhārayanti: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dhṛ (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (लट्/Present), Parasmaipada, 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष) Plural

• parasparam: each other; mutually
• parasparam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paraspara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular used adverbially ‘each other/mutually’

Speakers

• Narrative discourse within cosmological teaching (frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Interpenetration of elements
• Guṇas (sattva/rajas/tamas) implied
• Ontology

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The world is relational: no element stands alone. Likewise, human experience is a weave of calm, agitation, and inertia; wisdom is recognizing their interplay rather than absolutizing any single state.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: it explains structural functioning of created entities—how the evolutes persist through mutual dependence.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Mutual interpenetration’ can be read as a microcosmic teaching: body and mind are composite fields where multiple forces co-inhere; liberation involves disentangling the witness (puruṣa/kṣetrajña) from these interdependent modes.