Shloka 40

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

एतत्ते कथितं ब्रह्मन् ! यत्पृष्टा भवता वयम् ।

सुविस्तरं यथावच्च किमन्यच्छ्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥

Transliteration

etat te kathitaṃ brahman! yat pṛṣṭā bhavatā vayam /

suvistaraṃ yathāvac ca kim anyac chrotum icchasi

Translation

اے برہمن، جو کچھ تم نے پوچھا تھا وہ سب تمہیں پوری طرح اور درست طور پر بیان کر دیا گیا ہے۔ اب اور کیا سننا چاہتے ہو؟

Word by Word

• etat: this (matter)
• etat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• te: of you / your
• te: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive) एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• kathitam: has been told
• kathitam: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kath (कथ् धातु) + क्त (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘कथितम्’ = “has been told”

• brahman: O Brahmin / O sage
• brahman: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• yat: which (that)
• yat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)

• pṛṣṭāḥ: asked (we who were asked)
• pṛṣṭāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √prach (प्रच्छ् धातु) + क्त (क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; ‘वयम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• bhavatā: by you
• bhavatā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• vayam: we
• vayam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• su-vistaram: in great detail
• su-vistaram: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + vistara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbially)

• yathāvat: properly, as it should be
• yathāvat: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathāvat (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• kim: what
• kim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक (interrogative)

• anyat: other
• anyat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; ‘किम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• śrotum: to hear
• śrotum: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √śru (श्रु धातु) + तुमुन् (infinitive)
• Form: कृदन्त (तुमुनन्त/infinitive), अव्ययवत्; इच्छति इत्यस्य कर्म

• icchasi: you wish
• icchasi: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √iṣ (इष् धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन

Speakers

• The wise birds addressing Jaimini

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Frame narrative marker
• Completion of sub-story
• Teacher-disciple dialogue etiquette

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse models śāstric dialogue: a teaching is delivered ‘yathāvat’ (accurately) and ‘suvistara’ (sufficiently), after which the listener is invited to inquire further—emphasizing inquiry (praśna) as a valid path to clarity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Structural/recensional marker concluding an ākhyāna; not itself one of the five topics.

What is the esoteric significance?

The open invitation implies that wisdom is iterative: each resolved doubt becomes the ground for subtler inquiry, mirroring progressive inner purification.