Shloka 39

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

तत्रात्मजं समासाद्य हित्वा बन्धं गुणादिकम् ।

प्राप सिद्धिं परां प्राज्ञस्तत्कालोपात्तसंमतिः ॥

Transliteration

tatrātmajaṃ samāsādya hitvā bandhaṃ guṇādikam /

prāpa siddhiṃ parāṃ prājñas tat-kāla-upātta-saṃmatiḥ

Translation

وہاں بیٹے سے ملاقات کر کے، اور گُنوں وغیرہ سے شروع ہونے والی بندش کو چھوڑ کر، وہ دانا—بر وقت یقین کے پیدا ہونے سے—اعلیٰ ترین کمال (سِدھی) کو پہنچ گیا۔

Word by Word

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb: there)

• ātmajam: his son
• ātmajam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• samāsādya: having approached
• samāsādya: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-ā-sad (सम्+आ+सद् धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्यय; अर्थः ‘समासाद्य’ = having approached/met

• hitvā: having abandoned
• hitvā: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: hā (हा धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्यय; अर्थः ‘त्यक्त्वा’

• bandham: bondage
• bandham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bandha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• guṇa-ādikam: qualities and the like
• guṇa-ādikam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guṇa-ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (‘गुणाः आदयः यस्मिन्/यत्र’ = qualities etc.)

• prāpa: attained
• prāpa: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: āp (आप् धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• siddhim: perfection/accomplishment
• siddhim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: siddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• parām: supreme
• parām: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: para (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying siddhim)

• prājñaḥ: the wise one
• prājñaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prājña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• tat-kāla-upātta-saṃmatiḥ: whose resolve/assent was secured at that time
• tat-kāla-upātta-saṃmatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tat-kāla-upātta-saṃmati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (‘तत्काले उपात्ता संमतिः यस्य सः’ = whose resolve/assent was obtained at that time); घटकाः: तत् (pron.) + काल (time) + उपात्त (ppp of उप-आ-दा) + संमति (assent/resolve)

Speakers

• The wise birds (narrators)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Guṇa-transcendence
• Liberation
• Siddhi (as mokṣa-attainment)
• Timely ripening of resolve

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Liberation is framed as freedom from guṇa-based conditioning (not merely external renunciation). The ‘proper time’ motif underscores ripeness (adhikāra): insight bears fruit when inner readiness is complete.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

A mokṣa-oriented teaching episode within narrative; peripheral to the five-lakṣaṇa historical/cosmic catalog, but consistent with Purāṇic dharma-upadeśa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Meeting the son ‘there’ can symbolize reunion of jīva with its own clarified intelligence; abandoning ‘guṇādikam’ indicates crossing prakṛti itself—classically the threshold for kaivalya/brahma-sākṣātkāra.