Shloka 13

Adhyaya 44 — Subahu’s Counsel to the King of Kashi and Alarka’s Renunciation through Yoga

Sanskrit

उष्ट्वा मदालसागर्भे पीत्वा सत्सास्तथा स्तनम् ।

नान्यनारीसुतैर्यातं वर्त्म यात्विति पार्थिव ॥

Transliteration

uṣṭvā madālasā-garbhe pītvā satsās tathā stanam / nānya-nārī-sutair yātaṃ vartma yātv iti pārthiva

Translation

اے راجن! مدالسا کے رحم سے پیدا ہو کر، اس کا دودھ (اور نیکوں کی تعلیم) پی کر—تم اس راہ پر چلو جس پر دوسری عورتوں کے بیٹوں نے قدم نہیں رکھا۔

Word by Word

• उषित्वा: having stayed
• उषित्वा: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Absolutive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वस् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (अव्ययभाव; gerund) — ‘having dwelt/stayed’

• मदालसा-गर्भे: in Madālasā’s womb
• मदालसा-गर्भे: अधिकरण (Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मदालसा (प्रातिपदिक) + गर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (madālasāyāḥ garbhaḥ)

• पीत्वा: having drunk
• पीत्वा: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Absolutive)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पा (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (अव्ययभाव; gerund) — ‘having drunk’

• सत्साः: good/true (milk)
• सत्साः: विशेषण/क्रियाविशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्स (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), बहुवचन; here used adverbially ‘with good/true (milk)’ or as qualifier; (reading uncertain)

• तथा: thus; likewise
• तथा: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण — ‘thus/so/likewise’

• स्तनम्: breast
• स्तनम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• अन्य-नारी-सुतैः: by sons of other women
• अन्य-नारी-सुतैः: करण/सह (Instrumental/association)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक) + नारी (प्रातिपदिक) + सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-श्रृङ्खला — ‘sons of other women’

• यातम्: gone; traversed
• यातम्: विशेषण (Predicate adjective)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) — ‘gone/traversed’

• वर्त्म: path
• वर्त्म: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्त्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यातु: let (him) go
• यातु: क्रिया (Imperative)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √या (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (आज्ञार्थ), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• इति: thus
• इति: वाक्य-सम्बन्ध (Quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; उद्धरणसूचक

• पार्थिव: O king
• पार्थिव: सम्बोधन (Vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

Speakers

• Subāhu speaking to Kāśirāja (addressed as pārthiva)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Madālasā tradition
• Exceptional spiritual upbringing
• Renunciant path
• Śravaṇa and saṃskāra

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Noble upbringing and right instruction create eligibility for a rarer path—suggesting that one should live up to the spiritual capital received, not squander it in common distractions.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Didactic narrative; while it may sit inside a royal/family story (vaṃśānucarita-like setting), the verse functions as upadeśa (instruction) rather than genealogy itself.

What is the esoteric significance?

Madālasā symbolizes the awakened mother/guru whose ‘milk’ is liberating knowledge; the ‘untraveled path’ points to nivṛtti-mārga (the path of withdrawal) beyond social conditioning.