Shloka 45

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

युञ्जीत योगं निर्जित्य त्रीन् गुणान् परमात्मनि ।

तन्मयश्चात्मना भूत्वा चिद्वृत्तिमपि सन्त्यजेत् ॥

Transliteration

yuñjīta yogaṃ nirjitya trīn guṇān paramātmani / tanmayaś cātmanā bhūtvā cidvṛttim api santyajet

Translation

وہ پرماتما میں تینوں گُنوں کو مغلوب کر کے یوگ کی سادھنا کرے۔ اپنے نفس کو اسی پرم سرُوپ کے ساتھ یکجان کر کے، چِتّ کی تمام وِرتّیوں کو بھی ترک کر دے۔

Word by Word

• yuñjīta: should practice/apply
• yuñjīta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yuj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचन

• yogam: yoga/discipline
• yogam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• nirjitya: having conquered
• nirjitya: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nir-ji (धातु)
• Form: ल्यप्/त्वा-समकक्ष अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund in -ya); पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

• trīn: three
• trīn: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन (plural); विशेषणम् (to guṇān)

• guṇān: qualities (guṇas)
• guṇān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन

• paramātmani: in the Supreme Self
• paramātmani: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समासः; पुंलिङ्गः; सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन

• tat-mayaḥ: consisting of That/absorbed in That
• tat-mayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + maya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः (तन्मय = तद्-मय); पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of implied practitioner)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• ātmanā: by oneself/with the self
• ātmanā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; तृतीया (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन

• bhūtvā: having become
• bhūtvā: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund)

• cit-vṛttim: mental modification of consciousness
• cit-vṛttim: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cit (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषः; स्त्रीलिङ्गः vṛtti-शब्दः; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• api: even/also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (also/even)

• santyajet: should completely abandon
• santyajet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-tyaj (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचन

Speakers

• Instructional voice addressing King Alarka (ālarka)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Paramātman (Supreme Self)

Key Themes

• Yoga
• Guṇa-transcendence
• Non-dual absorption
• Citta-vṛtti-nirodha (conceptual parallel)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Liberation is framed as going beyond even refined sattvic states: the yogin transcends guṇas and relinquishes the last subtle movements of consciousness.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Mokṣa-śāstra style instruction within the Purāṇa; not directly sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Abandoning cidvṛtti’ indicates samādhi beyond conceptuality—where even the witness-stance is no longer a mental posture but pure being.