Shloka 28

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

तस्मात् श्रद्धावता पात्रे यच्छस्तं पितृकर्मणि ।

यथावच्चैव दातव्यं पितॄणां तृप्तिमिच्छता ॥

Transliteration

tasmāt śraddhāvatā pātre yacchastaṃ pitṛ-karmaṇi / yathāvac caiva dātavyaṃ pitṝṇāṃ tṛptim icchatā

Translation

لہٰذا پِتروں کے کرم (شرادھ) میں عقیدت کے ساتھ لائق مستحق (پاتر) کو دان دینا چاہیے؛ اور جو پِتروں کی تسکین چاہے وہ مقررہ طریقے کے مطابق درست طور پر دان کرے۔

Word by Word

• तस्मात्: therefore
• तस्मात्: Hetu/Reason (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ablative-form used adverbially; तस्मात् = ‘therefore/from that’ (तस्मात्-प्रयोगः, अव्ययीभावेन)

• श्रद्धावता: by a faithful person
• श्रद्धावता: Karana/Instrument (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रद्धावत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; adjective qualifying implied agent (श्रद्धावान्)

• पात्रे: in/for a worthy recipient
• पात्रे: Adhikarana/Location (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in/for a worthy recipient’

• यच्छस्तम्: while offering
• यच्छस्तम्: Kriya-viseshana/Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यच्छत् (धातु √यम् ‘to give/offer’ + शतृ-प्रत्यय; कृदन्त)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Neuter, Singular; used adverbially = ‘while giving/when offering’

• पितृकर्मणि: in the rite for the ancestors
• पितृकर्मणि: Adhikarana/Domain (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ + कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: पितॄणां कर्म = pitr̥-rites

• यथावत्: properly
• यथावत्: Kriya-viseshana/Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथावत् (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चय)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Emphasis (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निपात)

• दातव्यम्: should be given
• दातव्यम्: Vidhi/Obligation (विधि)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु √दा ‘to give’ + तव्यत्; कृदन्त)
• Form: Gerundive/obligative (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative Singular; impersonal obligation = ‘it should be given’

• पितॄणाम्: of the ancestors
• पितॄणाम्: Sambandha/Possessor (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural

• तृप्तिम्: satisfaction
• तृप्तिम्: Karma/Object (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तृप्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• इच्छता: by one who desires
• इच्छता: Karta/Agent (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इष् (धातु √इष् ‘to desire’ + शतृ; कृदन्त)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; ‘by one desiring’

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within Markandeya Purana’s ritual discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Dāna
• Śrāddha
• Ritual qualification (pātratā)
• Pitṛ satisfaction

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Efficacy is tied to both inner disposition (śraddhā) and outer correctness (vidhi). The ‘worthy recipient’ principle underscores that dharma is relational and contextual, not purely transactional.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra-dharma instruction embedded in the Purāṇa; classify as ‘Ritual praxis’ rather than cosmological history.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘pātra’ is a conductor: a purified human channel is said to transmit the offering into subtle benefit. ‘Yathāvat’ implies alignment of act, mantra, and intention.