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Shloka 19

Adhyaya 30Madālasā’s Instruction on Household Duties and Naimittika–Śrāddha Rites

मृताहनि यथान्यायं नॄणां यद्वदिहोदितम् ।

पुत्राभावे सपिण्डास्तु तदभावे सहोदकाः ॥

mṛtāhani yathānyāyaṃ nṝṇāṃ yadvad ihoditam |

putrābhāve sapiṇḍās tu tadabhāve sahodakāḥ ||

موت کے دن مردوں کے لیے طریقہ وہی ہے جو یہاں قاعدے کے مطابق بیان ہوا ہے۔ اگر بیٹا نہ ہو تو سپِنڈ رشتہ دار کریں؛ اور اگر وہ بھی نہ ہوں تو سہودک قرابت دار انجام دیں۔

मृत-अहनिon the day of death
मृत-अहनि:
Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण/Time)
TypeNoun
Rootमृत (कृदन्त; √मृ) + अहन्/अहनि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (death-day)
यथा-न्यायम्according to proper rule
यथा-न्यायम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रिया-विशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय) + न्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास; क्रियाविशेषण (according to rule)
नॄणाम्of men
नॄणाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootनृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन
यद्वत्as
यद्वत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद्वत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; तुलनार्थक/प्रकारवाचक (as/just as)
इहhere
इह:
Desha-adhikarana (देश-अधिकरण/Place)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)
उदितम्stated
उदितम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootउद् + √इ (धातु) → उदित (कृदन्त; past passive participle)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (said/declared)
पुत्र-अभावेin the absence of a son
पुत्र-अभावे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Condition-locative)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + अभाव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (absence of a son)
सपिण्डाःsapindas (agnatic kin)
सपिण्डाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसपिण्ड (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विरोध/विशेषार्थक (but/indeed)
तद्-अभावेin their absence
तद्-अभावे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Condition-locative)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + अभाव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (in the absence of that/they)
सह-उदकाःsahodakas (kinsmen sharing water offerings)
सह-उदकाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसह (अव्यय) + उदक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (those connected by shared water-libation)
Didactic ritual instruction (speaker not explicit in excerpt)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaPitri PujaŚrāddha-vidhiInheritance of ritual dutyKinship hierarchy

FAQs

Dharma is distributed across a graded network of kinship: if the closest obligated person is absent, responsibility devolves to wider family—ensuring the dead are not abandoned.

Ancillary dharma/ācāra instruction.

The shift from sapiṇḍa to sahodaka reflects a diminishing but still valid ritual ‘conductivity’ of lineage—merit-transfer is conceived as possible through progressively wider relational circles.