Shloka 9

Adhyaya 27 — Madālasa’s Instruction to King Alarka: Royal Ethics, Self-Conquest, and Statecraft

Sanskrit

स्थानवृद्धिक्षयज्ञेन षाड्गुण्यगुणितात्मना ।

भवितव्यं नरेन्द्रेण न कामवशवर्तिना ॥

Transliteration

sthānavṛddhikṣayajñena ṣāḍguṇyaguṇitātmanā /

bhavitavyaṃ narendreṇa na kāmavaśavartinā

Translation

بادشاہ کو مقام، بڑھوتری اور زوال کی سمجھ رکھنے والا اور شادگُنیہ (چھ تدابیر) کے مطابق پالیسی بنانے والا ہونا چاہیے؛ وہ خواہش کے تابع نہ ہو۔

Word by Word

• sthāna-vṛddhi-kṣaya-jñena: by one who knows (proper) position, growth, and decline
• sthāna-vṛddhi-kṣaya-jñena: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sthāna (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛddhi (प्रातिपदिक) + kṣaya (प्रातिपदिक) + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); बहुपद-तत्पुरुष: 'knowing (jña) of position, increase, and decline'

• ṣāḍguṇya-guṇita-ātmanā: by one whose nature is equipped with the sixfold policy
• ṣāḍguṇya-guṇita-ātmanā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ṣāḍguṇya (प्रातिपदिक) + guṇita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक) + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: 'self (ātman) endowed/characterized by being furnished with ṣāḍguṇya'

• bhavitavyam: it is to be / one must be
• bhavitavyam: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु) + tavya (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Gerundive/obligative (तव्यत्-कृदन्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); impersonal obligation: 'it should be'

• narendreṇa: by the king
• narendreṇa: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक) + indra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: 'indra among men'

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha-dyotaka (प्रतिषेध-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), negation particle

• kāma-vaśa-vartinā: by one ruled by desire
• kāma-vaśa-vartinā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kāma (प्रातिपदिक) + vaśa (प्रातिपदिक) + vartin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: 'one who acts under the control (vaśa) of desire (kāma)'

Speakers

• Didactic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s nīti/rājadharma discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Kingship
• Statecraft
• Ṣāḍguṇya
• Self-control

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Competent rule is grounded in situational intelligence (knowing stability, growth, and decline) and disciplined strategy; personal desire is portrayed as a direct cause of political misjudgment.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary rājadharma/nīti; not within the fivefold purāṇic markers.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘six measures’ can mirror inner governance: peace with the mind, war against vice, advancing in practice, pausing in steadiness, taking refuge in higher principle, and employing ‘dual policy’ (firmness with compassion).