Shloka 110

Adhyaya 23 — Ashvatara’s Vow for Madalasa and the Bestowal of Musical Science by Sarasvati

Sanskrit

बान्धवाश्च तथैच्छन्ति जीवितं गुणिनश्चिरम् ।

परिवादनिवृत्तानां दुर्गतेषु दयावताम् ।

गुणिनां सफलं जन्म संश्रितानां विपद्गतैः ॥

Transliteration

bāndhavāś ca tathā icchanti jīvitaṃ guṇinaś ciram | parivāda-nivṛttānāṃ durgateṣu dayāvatām | guṇināṃ saphalaṃ janma saṃśritānāṃ vipad-gataiḥ ||

Translation

رشتہ دار بھی چاہتے ہیں کہ نیک لوگ دراز عمر ہوں۔ جو بدگوئی سے بچتے اور بدحالوں پر رحم کرتے ہیں، ان کی نیکی کی پیدائش بارآور ہوتی ہے—کیونکہ وہ مصیبت زدہ لوگوں کا سہارا بنتے ہیں۔

Word by Word

• bāndhavāḥ: kinsmen
• bāndhavāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bāndhava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय)

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• icchanti: desire
• icchanti: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √iṣ (इष्)
• Form: Present (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• jīvitam: life
• jīvitam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jīvita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• guṇinaḥ: of the virtuous man
• guṇinaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guṇin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• ciram: long (time)
• ciram: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: cira (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); used adverbially with jīvitam

• parivādanivṛttānām: of those who refrain from slander
• parivādanivṛttānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parivāda (प्रातिपदिक) + nivṛtta (कृदन्त from नि-√vṛt)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन); tatpuruṣa: parivādāt nivṛttāḥ = ‘refraining from slander’

• durgateṣu: in misfortunes
• durgateṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: durgati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• dayāvatām: of the compassionate
• dayāvatām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dayāvat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• guṇinām: of the virtuous
• guṇinām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guṇin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• saphalam: fruitful
• saphalam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sa-phala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: phalena saha / phalavat

• janma: birth / life
• janma: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: janman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• saṃśritānām: of those who have taken refuge (in them)
• saṃśritānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-√śri (श्रि) + kta (कृत्) (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त, used adjectivally), Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• vipadgataiḥ: by/with those in distress
• vipadgataiḥ: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipad (प्रातिपदिक) + gata (कृदन्त from √gam)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); tatpuruṣa: vipadi gatāḥ = ‘those fallen into calamity’

Speakers

• Nāgendra speaking

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Compassion
• Non-slander
• Social responsibility
• Meaningful life
• Support of the distressed

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A ‘successful life’ is defined as becoming a refuge: avoiding slander and practicing compassion turns personal virtue into public good, so that even relatives wish for such a person’s longevity.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma-nīti passage within narrative; not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa enumeration, though situated in a vaṃśa-related story.

What is the esoteric significance?

Refraining from slander is restraint of speech-energy; compassion is expansion of heart-energy—together they make one a ‘support’ (ādhāra) for others’ suffering.