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Shloka 37

Adhyaya 22Kuvalayashva’s Death through Daitya-Deceit and Madalasa’s Self-Immolation

नासौ शोच्यो न चैवेयं नाहं तज्जननी न च ।

त्यजता ब्राह्मणार्त्थाय प्राणान् सर्वे स्म तारिताः ॥

nāsau śocyo na caiv eyaṃ nāhaṃ taj-jananī na ca |

tyajatā brāhmaṇārthāya prāṇān sarve sma tāritāḥ ||

وہ نہ ماتم کے لائق ہے، نہ وہ عورت؛ نہ میں ماتم کے لائق ہوں، اور غم کے معنی میں میں اس کی ماں بھی نہیں۔ برہمن کی خاطر اس نے جان نچھاور کی، اس سے ہم سب نجات پا گئے۔

nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेधार्थक-अव्यय)
asauhe/that person
asau:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasau (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
śocyaḥto be mourned
śocyaḥ:
Viśeṣya-predicative (विशेष्य-विशेषणभावः)
TypeAdjective
Rootśocya (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √śuc शोचने)
FormGerundive/ya-participle (तव्यत्/यत्-अर्थे), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular; predicate adjective
nanor
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेधार्थक-अव्यय)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)
evaindeed/just
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय)
iyamthis (woman)/she
iyam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Feminine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेधार्थक-अव्यय)
ahamI
aham:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
tatof him/that
tat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPronoun used adjectivally, Feminine, Genitive (षष्ठी/6), Singular; qualifying ‘jananī’
jananīmother
jananī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjananī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular
nanor
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेधार्थक-अव्यय)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction (समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय)
tyajatāby abandoning
tyajatā:
Karaṇa (करणम्)
TypeVerb
Root√tyaj (त्यागे)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Singular; agreeing with an implied agent ‘by (him) abandoning’
brāhmaṇa-arthāyafor the sake of the Brahmin(s)
brāhmaṇa-arthāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदानम्)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormDative (चतुर्थी/4), Singular; purpose ‘for the sake of Brahmins’; compound: ब्राह्मणस्य अर्थः → ब्राह्मणार्थः
prāṇānlife-breaths/lives
prāṇān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Plural (बहुवचन)
sarveall (of us)
sarve:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural; subject with ‘tāritāḥ’
smaindeed/then (past marker)
sma:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsma (अव्यय)
FormParticle indicating past narration/emphasis (स्म-अव्यय)
tāritāḥwere saved/rescued
tāritāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√tṝ (तरणे)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural; predicate ‘were saved’
Unspecified in provided excerpt (a mother/elder voice is implied by ‘jananī’)

{ "primaryRasa": "vira", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaBrāhmaṇa-protectionSelf-sacrificeMerit and deliverance (tāraṇa)

FAQs

The verse teaches that death aligned with dharma—specifically, sacrifice for the protection/service of a brāhmaṇa—transmutes grief into a sense of collective uplift and merit.

Not pañcalakṣaṇa; it is dharma-ācāra and narrative exemplum.

‘Saving all’ points to the radiating effect of a single dharmic act: inner renunciation (tyāga) is portrayed as redeeming not only the agent but also the relational field around them.