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Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 15, Shloka 15

Adhyaya 15Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

नरकात् सोऽपि विभ्रष्टः क्रौञ्चयोनौ प्रजायते ।

शूद्रश्च ब्राह्मणारिं गत्वा कृमियोनौ प्रजायते ॥

narakāt so 'pi vibhraṣṭaḥ krauñcayonau prajāyate | śūdraś ca brāhmaṇāriṃ gatvā kṛmiyonau prajāyate ||

دوزخ سے گِر کر وہ کرونچ پرندے کے رحم میں پیدا ہوتا ہے۔ اور جو شودر برہمن عورت کے پاس جائے، وہ کیڑے کی کوکھ میں جنم لیتا ہے۔

narakātfrom hell
narakāt:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootnaraka (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/अपादान), एकवचन; ‘from hell’
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘he’
apialso
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात ‘also/even’
vibhraṣṭaḥfallen
vibhraṣṭaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvi√bhraṃś (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त), पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘fallen/deprived’
krauñca-yonauin the krauñca-womb/species
krauñca-yonau:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkrauñca (प्रातिपदिक) + yoni (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध: ‘of a krauñca’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग (yoni), सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; ‘in the womb/species of a krauñca bird’
prajāyateis born
prajāyate:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√jan (धातु)
Formलट् (present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘is born’
śūdraḥa Śūdra
śūdraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘a Śūdra’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थ ‘and’
brāhmaṇa-ariṃa brāhmaṇa-enemy
brāhmaṇa-ariṃ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + ari (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: ‘enemy of a brāhmaṇa’); पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘brāhmaṇa-hater/enemy’
gatvāhaving become/turned into
gatvā:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√gam (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive); ‘having gone/becoming’ (prior action)
kṛmi-yonauin the worm-species
kṛmi-yonau:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛmi (प्रातिपदिक) + yoni (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी: ‘of a worm’); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in the worm-womb/species’
prajāyateis born
prajāyate:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√jan (धातु)
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘is born’
Not explicit in excerpt; didactic narration

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bibhatsa", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaSexual ethics (varna boundaries as presented in text)Karma and rebirthNaraka and yonis

FAQs

The text treats certain social/sexual transgressions and disrespectful conduct as ‘adharma’ producing severe devolution of birth. Whatever one thinks of historical social codes, the Purāṇic moral mechanism is consistent: actions that violate prescribed boundaries create heavy karmic imprint, described here as lowly yonis.

Primarily dharma-śikṣā (ethical injunction) rather than cosmological lakṣaṇas. It is ancillary Purāṇic instruction used to regulate conduct and explain karmic causality.

‘Worm-birth’ functions as a symbol of extreme constriction of consciousness—life dominated by instinct and limitation—portraying how misuse of desire (kāma) can contract the being’s future experiential range.