Shloka 77

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

गतमात्रोऽतिरक्ताक्षं भिन्नाञ्जनचयप्रभम् ।

मृत्युकालान्तकादीनां मध्ये पश्यति वै यमम् ॥

Transliteration

gatamātro 'tiraktākṣaṃ bhinnāñjanacayaprabham /

mṛtyukālāntakādīnāṃ madhye paśyati vai yamam

Translation

وہاں پہنچ کر وہ مِرتیو، کال، انتک وغیرہ کے درمیان یم کو دیکھتا ہے—شدید سرخ آنکھوں والا، کچلے ہوئے کاجل کے ڈھیر کی مانند درخشاں۔

Word by Word

• गतमात्रः: having just arrived
• गतमात्रः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गत (गम्-धातु; कृदन्त) + मात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; ‘having only just gone/just arrived’ (गतमात्रः)

• अतिरक्ताक्षम्: with very red eyes
• अतिरक्ताक्षम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अति (अव्यय) + रक्त + अक्षि/अक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; ‘with exceedingly red eyes’

• भिन्नाञ्जनचयप्रभम्: shining like crushed collyrium heaps
• भिन्नाञ्जनचयप्रभम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भिन्न (भिद्-धातु; कृदन्त) + अञ्जन + चय + प्रभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; ‘having the lustre of a heap of crushed collyrium’

• मृत्युकालान्तकादीनाम्: of Death, Time, Antaka, etc.
• मृत्युकालान्तकादीनाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृत्यु + काल + अन्तक + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural; ‘of (beings like) Death, Time, Antaka, etc.’

• मध्ये: in the middle
• मध्ये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in the midst’

• पश्यति: sees
• पश्यति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Singular

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, emphatic particle

• यमम्: Yama
• यमम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

Speakers

• Frame-dialogue context not provided in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama
• Mṛtyu
• Kāla
• Antaka

Key Themes

• Judgment after death
• Personifications of death
• Karmic order

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Death is portrayed as an organized moral administration: Yama’s court is not chaos but a structured reckoning, urging ethical vigilance (especially truth and non-harm).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic eschatology (naraka/preta-gati) rather than pañcalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The cluster of Mṛtyu–Kāla–Antaka around Yama signifies layered inevitability: biological death, temporal decay, and final termination all converge as facets of one karmic process.