Shloka 78

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

दंष्ट्राकरालवदनं भ्रकुटीदरुणाकृतिम् ।

विरूपैर्भोषणैर्वक्त्रैर्वृतं व्याधिशतैः प्रभुम् ॥

Transliteration

daṃṣṭrākarālavadanaṃ bhrakuṭīdāruṇākṛtim /

virūpairbhoṣaṇairvaktrairvṛtaṃ vyādhiśataiḥ prabhum

Translation

وہ اس ربّ کو دیکھتا ہے—ابھرے ہوئے نوکیلے دانتوں سے چہرہ ہیبت ناک، خوفناک بھنویں چڑھی ہوئی؛ بدصورت گرجتے دہانوں سے گھرا ہوا، اور سینکڑوں بیماریوں سے چاروں طرف محصور۔

Word by Word

• दंष्ट्राकरालवदनम्: with a fang-terrible mouth
• दंष्ट्राकरालवदनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दंष्ट्रा + कराल + वदन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; ‘having a mouth terrible with fangs’

• भ्रकुटीदरुणाकृतिम्: of dreadful, frowning form
• भ्रकुटीदरुणाकृतिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भ्रकुटी + दारुण + आकृति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; ‘of dreadful form with knitted brows’

• विरूपैः: with deformed
• विरूपैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter/Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; qualifies ‘वक्त्रैः’

• भोषणैः: terrifying
• भोषणैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भोषण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter/Masculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; ‘frightening/terrifying’ (contextual)

• वक्त्रैः: faces/mouths
• वक्त्रैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वक्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural

• वृतम्: surrounded
• वृतम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृ (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; agrees with implied object ‘(यमम्/प्रभुम्)’; ‘surrounded’

• व्याधिशतैः: by hundreds of diseases
• व्याधिशतैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्याधि + शत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; ‘by hundreds of diseases’

• प्रभुम्: the lord (Yama)
• प्रभुम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

Speakers

• Frame-dialogue context not provided in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "bibhatsa", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Yama

Key Themes

• Yama iconography
• Fear as moral pedagogy
• Disease as consequence

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The terrifying imagery is pedagogical: it discourages adharma by making consequences emotionally vivid, linking moral failure with suffering and affliction.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Eschatological/dharma instruction; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘hundreds of diseases’ can be read as embodied karmic residues—afflictions (kleśa-like forces) that surround the jīva when it confronts the moral truth of its actions.