Shloka 69

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

एवं क्लेशाननुभवन्नवशः पापपीडितः ।

नीयते द्वादशाहेन धर्मराजपुरं नरः ॥

Transliteration

evaṃ kleśān anubhavann avaśaḥ pāpapīḍitaḥ /

nīyate dvādaśāhena dharmarājapuraṃ naraḥ

Translation

یوں مصیبتیں جھیل کر، بے بس اور گناہ سے ستایا ہوا انسان بارہ دن کے اندر اندر دھرم راج کی نگری میں پہنچا دیا جاتا ہے۔

Word by Word

• evaṃ: thus
• evaṃ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evaṃ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय)

• kleśān: afflictions
• kleśān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kleśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• anubhavan: experiencing
• anubhavan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anu + bhū (भू धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Present active participle (वर्तमानकाले परस्मैपदे शतृ), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); agreeing with 'naraḥ'

• avaśaḥ: helpless
• avaśaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: avaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• pāpa-pīḍitaḥ: tormented by sin
• pāpa-pīḍitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + pīḍita (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (भूतकर्मणि क्त), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); tatpuruṣa: 'tormented by sin'

• nīyate: is led
• nīyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nī (नी धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि प्रयोग), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• dvādaśa-ahena: in/within twelve days
• dvādaśa-ahena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvādaśa (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + ahan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); dvigu: 'by (a period of) twelve days'

• dharma-rāja-puram: to the city of Dharmarāja
• dharma-rāja-puram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक) + rāja (प्रातिपदिक) + pura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); tatpuruṣa: 'city of the Lord of Dharma (Yama)'

• naraḥ: a man
• naraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

Speakers

• Frame-dialogue context not explicit in the provided excerpt (likely an instructive narration within Adhyaya 10)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Dharmarāja (Yama)

Key Themes

• After-death journey timeline
• Karmic consequence
• Yama’s judgment

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The stated ‘twelve-day’ movement emphasizes that death initiates an ordered moral process; it also resonates with the cultural importance of the first days after death as a liminal period requiring dharmic attention.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma and karmaphala narration; not pancalakṣaṇa proper.

What is the esoteric significance?

A fixed period suggests karmic lawfulness rather than randomness; liminality is structured, implying that consciousness passes through determinate stages shaped by past actions.