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Shloka 18

Sūrya’s Celestial Car: Ādityas, Ṛṣis, Gandharvas, Apsarases, Nāgas, and the Two-Month Cosmic Cycle

ग्रथितैः स्वैर्वचोभिस्तु स्तुवन्ति मुनयो रविम् / गन्धर्वाप्सरसश्चैनं नृत्यगेयैरुपासते

grathitaiḥ svairvacobhistu stuvanti munayo ravim / gandharvāpsarasaścainaṃ nṛtyageyairupāsate

مُنی اپنے خوب گُندھے ہوئے کلمات سے رَوی کی ستوتی کرتے ہیں؛ اور گندھرو و اپسرائیں رقص و گیت کے ذریعے اس کی اُپاسنا کرتی ہیں۔

ग्रथितैःcomposed/strung together
ग्रथितैः:
विशेषण (adjectival)
TypeAdjective
Rootग्रथित (कृदन्त; ग्रथ् धातु)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle), विशेषण (qualifying वचोभिः)
स्वैःtheir own
स्वैः:
विशेषण (adjectival)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying वचोभिः)
वचोभिःwith words/speeches
वचोभिः:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
तुbut/indeed
तु:
सम्बन्ध (discourse marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle; emphasis/contrast)
स्तुवन्तिthey praise
स्तुवन्ति:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootस्तु (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
मुनयःsages
मुनयः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
रविम्Ravi (the Sun)
रविम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootरवि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
गन्धर्वGandharvas
गन्धर्व:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootगन्धर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (first member of dvandva with अप्सरसः)
अप्सरसःApsarases
अप्सरसः:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअप्सरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (second member of dvandva)
and
:
समुच्चय (connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
एनम्him
एनम्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
नृत्यगेयैःwith dances and songs
नृत्यगेयैः:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootनृत्य + गेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः—नृत्यं च गेयं च (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: 'dance and song')
उपासतेthey worship/attend upon
उपासते:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootउप + आस् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद

Narratorial voice within the Purana (Suta/Vyasa tradition describing the rite and its participants)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

R
Ravi (Surya)
M
Munis (Sages)
G
Gandharvas
A
Apsarases

FAQs

Indirectly: by presenting Surya as worthy of reverent upasana from sages and celestials, the verse reflects the Purana’s tendency to honor a visible cosmic form as a doorway to the inner, all-pervading principle that illumines consciousness.

The practice emphasized is upasana (devotional contemplation): sages employ mantra-like, carefully composed praise, while celestial beings offer rhythmic worship through music and dance—showing that disciplined expression (vacana, geya, nṛtya) can function as a focused spiritual offering.

This specific verse does not name Shiva or Vishnu; it illustrates the Kurma Purana’s integrative style by portraying a shared devotional culture where cosmic deities (here, Surya) are honored through multiple modes of worship, compatible with Shaiva-Vaishnava synthesis elsewhere in the text.