Rig Veda 8.4.2: Mandala 8, Sukta 4, Mantra 2

Sukta 8.4

Rishi: Kaṇva (Kaṇva lineage; Kaṇvāḥ)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यद्वा रुमे रुशमे श्यावके कृप इन्द्र मादयसे सचा । कण्वासस्त्वा ब्रह्मभिः स्तोमवाहस इन्द्रा यच्छन्त्या गहि ॥

Transliteration

yád vā rumé rúśame śyā́vake kṛ́pe índra mā́dayase sácā | kaṇvā́sas tvā bráhma-bhiḥ stóma-vāhasa índrā́ yacchánty ā́ gahi ||

Translation

Whether with Ruma, with Ruśama, with Śyāvaka, with Kṛpa you take delight, O Indra, in companionship—yet the Kaṇvas, bearing hymns and mantras, draw you here: come, for our inspired words are your chariot.

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Word by Word

• यद्: if / whether
• यद्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यद् (यद्-प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)

• वा: or
• वा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (निपात)

• रुमे: in/at Rुमā (a place/name) / O Rumā
• रुमे: Adhikaraṇa (locative sense) / संबोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुमा (प्रातिपदिक; स्त्री)

• रुशमे: in/at Ruśama (a place/name) / O Ruśama
• रुशमे: Adhikaraṇa (locative sense) / संबोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुशम (प्रातिपदिक; पुं)

• श्यावके: in/at Śyāvaka (a place/name) / O Śyāvaka
• श्यावके: Adhikaraṇa (locative sense) / संबोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्यावक (प्रातिपदिक; पुं)

• कृपः: the miser / the wretched one (as an epithet)
• कृपः: Kartā (of implied ‘is/exists’ or as apposition) / संबोधन-सम्बन्ध
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृप (प्रातिपदिक; पुं)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक; पुं)

• मादयसे: you rejoice / you become exhilarated
• मादयसे: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मद् (धातु) / मादयति (णिजन्त)

• सचा: together (with)
• सचा: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सच्/सच (अव्यय; सहार्थे)

• कण्वासः: the Kaṇvas (seers)
• कण्वासः: Kartā (of यच्छन्ति) / स्तोतृ-समूहः
• Type: Noun
• Root: कण्व (प्रातिपदिक; पुं)

• त्वा: you
• त्वा: Karma (of यच्छन्ति) / also object of स्तोम-वाहसः (praise-bearing) contextually
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम)

• ब्रह्मभिः: with sacred formulations / prayers
• ब्रह्मभिः: Karaṇa (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; नपुं)

• स्तोमवाहसः: bearing hymns of praise
• स्तोमवाहसः: Kartā-विशेषणम्
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्तोम-वाहस् (समास; प्रातिपदिक; पुं)

• इन्द्र: O Indra
• इन्द्र: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक; पुं)

• यच्छन्ति: they offer / present / extend
• यच्छन्ति: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: यम् (धातु) → यच्छति

• अन्त्या: with the final (one) / as the concluding (verse)
• अन्त्या: Karaṇa (instrument; ‘with the final (hymn/verse)’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्त्य (प्रातिपदिक; स्त्री)

• आ: hither / towards
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• गहि: come
• गहि: Kriyā (आह्वान/आज्ञा)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)