Rig Veda 10.23.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 23, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.23

Rishi: Vimada (Vaimada) (traditional attribution for RV 10.23)

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Trishtubh (likely; requires metrical verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

यदा वज्रं हिरण्यमिदथा रथं हरी यमस्य वहतो वि सूरिभिः । आ तिष्ठति मघवा सनश्रुत इन्द्रो वाजस्य दीर्घश्रवसस्पतिः ॥

Transliteration

yadā́ vájraṃ híraṇyam íd áthā ráthaṃ hárī yám asya váhato ví sūríbhíḥ | ā́ tíṣṭhati maghávā sánāśruta índro vā́jasya dīrgháśravasaḥ pátiḥ ||

Translation

When the thunderbolt of gold, and then the chariot that his two tawny powers bear, are made ready among the illumined seers, then the bountiful Indra, famed from of old, takes his seat—the lord of vāja, master of far-reaching fame.

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Word by Word

• यदा: when
• यदा: Adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदा (अव्यय) < यद्- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + दा (कालवाचक)

• वज्रम्: the thunderbolt
• वज्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वज्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• हिरण्यम्: golden
• हिरण्यम्: Karma (वज्रम्-विशेषणत्वेन)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: हिरण्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• इत्था: thus, in this way
• इत्था: Adhikaraṇa (प्रकाराधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत्था (अव्यय)

• रथम्: the chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)

• हरी: the two bay steeds
• हरी: Kartā (वहतोः कर्तारौ)
• Type: Noun (dual) / Adjective used as noun
• Root: हरि (प्रातिपदिक)

• यम्: which (him/that)
• यम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अस्य: of him (of this one = Indra)
• अस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्/अदस्-प्रकारः (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → अस्य

• वहतः: they two carry/drive
• वहतः: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह् (धातु)

• वि: apart, forth (intensifier)
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• सूरिभिः: with the patrons (generous lords)/sages
• सूरिभिः: Karaṇa (सह/साधनभावे: ‘with the patrons/sages’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूरि (प्रातिपदिक)

• आ: towards, hither
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• तिष्ठति: he stands/halts, takes his place
• तिष्ठति: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु) → तिष्ठति

• मघवा: the bountiful one (Indra)
• मघवा: Kartā (तिष्ठति इति कर्ता)
• Type: Noun (epithet)
• Root: मघवन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• सनश्रुतः: of ancient renown / long-famed
• सनश्रुतः: Kartā (विशेषणत्वेन)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: सन-श्रुत (प्रातिपदिक; कर्मधारय/बहुव्रीहि: ‘whose fame is old/anciently heard’)

• इन्द्रः: Indra
• इन्द्रः: Kartā (तिष्ठति इति कर्ता; पुनरुक्त-उपपत्ति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)

• वाजस्य: of the prize, of strength
• वाजस्य: Sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध: ‘of prize/strength’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाज (प्रातिपदिक)

• दीर्घश्रवसः: of long fame
• दीर्घश्रवसः: Sambandha (षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective (epithet)
• Root: दीर्घ-श्रवस् (प्रातिपदिक; बहुव्रीहि/कर्मधारय: ‘long-famed/long-hearing’)

• पतिः: lord, master
• पतिः: Kartā/Predicative nominative (इन्द्रः … पतिः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति (प्रातिपदिक)