Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 49, Shloka 16

शरबन्धनविलापः

The Lament under the Net of Arrows

Devanagari script

बाणाभिहतमर्मत्वान्नशक्नोत्यभिभाषितुम् ।रुजाचाब्रुवतोऽप्यस्यदृष्टिरागेणसूच्यते ।।6.49.16।।

Transliteration

bāṇābhihatamarmatvān na śaknoty abhibhāṣitum |

rujā cābruvato 'py asya dṛṣṭir āgeṇa sūcyate || 6.49.16 ||

Translation

Dahil sa mga palasong tumusok sa kanyang mahahalagang bahagi, hindi siya makapagsalita; at bagaman hindi siya nagsasalita, ang kanyang sakit ay nahahayag sa kanyang mga mata at sa mapulang init nito.

Word by Word

• बाणाभिहतमर्मत्वात्: because of being struck in vital parts by arrows
• बाणाभिहतमर्मत्वात्: हेतु/अपादान (Cause/Ablative/हेतु-अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाण-अभिहत-मर्मत्व (प्रातिपदिक; बाण + अभिहत + मर्मत्व)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी विभक्ति (ablative/हेतु-अपादान), एकवचन; समासः बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः: 'बाणैः अभिहतं मर्मत्वं यस्मात्' (because the vital parts are struck by arrows)

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध

• शक्नोति: is able
• शक्नोति: क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: शक् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• अभिभाषितुम्: to speak
• अभिभाषितुम्: कर्म/प्रयोजन (Complement/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अभि-भाष् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन् (infinitive)

• रुजा: by pain
• रुजा: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रुज्/रुजा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; करण/हेतु (by pain)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय

• अब्रुवतः: of (him) not speaking
• अब्रुवतः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: शतृ (present participle) नकारार्थे/नञ्-प्रायः; षष्ठी विभक्ति (genitive), एकवचन; 'of him who is not speaking'

• अपि: even
• अपि: अवधारण/समुच्चय (Emphasis/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अप्यर्थक अव्यय (even/also)

• अस्य: of him
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन

• दृष्टिः: look, gaze
• दृष्टिः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन

• रागेण: by redness
• रागेण: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; करण (by redness/flush)

• सूच्यते: is indicated
• सूच्यते: क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सूच् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)

Context

"Struck in the vital parts by the arrows, it is not possible for you to speak, but your anguish is indicated in your looks."

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Arrows (bāṇa)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as compassion-in-action begins with attentive seeing: Rāma reads suffering even without words, implying a moral duty to respond to pain that cannot be articulated.

What is the narrative situation?

Lakṣmaṇa is too severely wounded to speak; Rāma infers his agony from visible signs, especially the eyes.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Karunā (compassion) and sensitivity: Rāma’s careful perception of Lakṣmaṇa’s suffering.