Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 77, Shloka 42

Adhyaya 77 — Sanjna’s Withdrawal from Surya: The Birth of Yama and Yamuna, and the Emergence of Chhaya

Sanskrit

संवत्सरभ्रमेस् तस्य विश्वकर्मा करावेस्ततः ।

तेजसः शातनञ्चक्रे स्तूयमानश्च दैवतैः ॥

Transliteration

saṃvatsara-bhrames tasya viśvakarmā karaves tataḥ / tejasaḥ śātanaṃ cakre stūyamānaś ca daivataiḥ

Translation

Pagkaraan, sa pagtatapos ng ikot ng isang taon, isinagawa ni Viśvakarman ang pagpapaliit ng (ningning ni Sūrya), habang pinupuri siya ng mga diyos.

Word by Word

• संवत्सरभ्रमे: in the course of a year’s circuit
• संवत्सरभ्रमे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location-time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवत्सर-भ्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative/7th), एकवचन; काल/अवधि-निर्देशः

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन

• विश्वकर्मा: Viśvakarman
• विश्वकर्मा: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्वकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• करावे: should do / would do
• करावे: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (√कृ धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपदम्; पाठभेदः सम्भाव्यः (करावेत्)

• ततः: thereafter
• ततः: क्रम/हेतु-निर्देश (Sequencing)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; तस्मात्/अनन्तरम् (ablatival adverb: then/thereafter)

• तेजसः: of the radiance
• तेजसः: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• शातनम्: reduction
• शातनम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शातन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन

• चक्रे: did, performed
• चक्रे: क्रिया (Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (√कृ धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, आत्मनेपदम्

• स्तूयमानः: being praised
• स्तूयमानः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्तु (√स्तु धातु) + यमान (कर्मणि वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
• Form: कर्मणि वर्तमानकाले कृदन्त (present passive participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘विश्वकर्मा’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Coordinator)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• दैवतैः: by the gods
• दैवतैः: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument-Agent in passive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैवत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन

Speakers

• Narrative voice

Primary Deities

• Sūrya
• Viśvakarman
• Devas

Key Themes

• Cosmic calibration
• Time-cycle (saṃvatsara)
• Deva praise (stuti)
• Sustaining order

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Reform takes time and proper timing; the year-cycle suggests that moderation of force is aligned with ṛta (cosmic rhythm), not impulsive reaction.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara narrative with cosmological time-markers: it ties divine action to temporal cycles, supporting the Purāṇic account of world-order maintenance.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘year’s circuit’ mirrors prāṇic cycles; as excess tejas is harmonized, the devas (inner faculties) ‘praise’ because the system becomes balanced and luminous.