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Shloka 25

Adhyāya 64: Dāna-prakāra—Suvarṇa, Pānīya-dāna, Ghṛta-dāna, and Upakaraṇa-dāna

Utility Gifts

वृद्धबालधन रक्ष्यमन्धस्य कृपणस्य च । न खाततपूर्व कुर्वीत न रुदन्ती धनं हरेत्‌

bhīṣma uvāca | vṛddhabāladhanaṁ rakṣyam andhasya kṛpaṇasya ca | na khātataḥ pūrvaṁ kurvīta na rudantī dhanaṁ haret |

Sinabi ni Bhishma: Dapat pangalagaan ng hari ang yaman ng matatanda, ng mga bata, ng mga bulag, at ng mga dukha. Sa panahon ng tagtuyot, kapag ang bayan ay napipilitang maghukay ng balon at magsikap na magpatubig upang makapagpalago lamang ng kaunting pagkain para mabuhay, hindi dapat magpataw ang hari ng singil o kumuha ng kanilang ari-arian. Ni hindi rin niya dapat kunin ang pag-aari ng babaeng umiiyak sa matinding dalamhati. Ang kita ng pinuno ay hindi kailanman dapat buuin sa pamamagitan ng pagsasamantala sa mga walang laban o sa mga dinurog na ng kapahamakan.

वृद्धof an old (person)
वृद्ध:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
बालof a child
बाल:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
धनम्wealth
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
रक्ष्यम्to be protected / should be protected
रक्ष्यम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormGerundive (तव्यत्/यत्), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
अन्धस्यof a blind (person)
अन्धस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootअन्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कृपणस्यof a poor/miserable person
कृपणस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootकृपण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
खातत्having dug / by digging (well)
खातत्:
Karana
TypeVerb
Rootखन्
FormAbsolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा-लोप/तुमुन्-न), irregular/uncertain reading; likely intended 'खात्वा' (having dug) or 'खातात्' (from a dug [well])
पूर्वम्previously / before
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
कुर्वीतshould do / should make
कुर्वीत:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रुदन्तीweeping (woman)
रुदन्ती:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootरुद्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
धनम्wealth
धनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
हरेत्should take away / should seize
हरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
K
king (rājā)
T
the aged (vṛddha)
C
children (bāla)
T
the blind (andha)
T
the destitute (kṛpaṇa)
A
a weeping woman (rudantī)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s duty is protective, not predatory: he must safeguard the property of the vulnerable (elderly, children, blind, destitute) and refrain from extracting revenue from those suffering calamity—especially those barely surviving drought or a woman in distress.

In Bhishma’s instruction on kingship (rājadharma) during the Anushasana Parva, he lays down specific limits on royal taxation and appropriation, emphasizing compassion and justice toward subjects facing hardship.