Shloka 2
काल एव सर्वकाले निग्रहानुग्रहौ ददत् । बुद्धिमाविश्य भूतानां धर्माधर्मो प्रवर्तते,काल ही सदा निग्रह और अनुग्रह करता हुआ प्राणियोंकी बुद्धिमें प्रविष्ट हो धर्म और अधर्मका फल देता रहता है
kāla eva sarvakāle nigrahānugrahau dadat | buddhim āviśya bhūtānāṁ dharmādharmo pravartate || kāla hi sadā nigrahaṁ ca anugrahaṁ ca kurvan prāṇināṁ buddhiṁ praviśya dharmādharmayoḥ phalaṁ dadāti ||
Wika ni Bhīṣma: “Ang Panahon lamang, sa bawat sandali, ang nagkakaloob kapwa ng pagpigil at ng biyaya. Pumapasok ito sa pag-unawa ng mga nilalang, pinakikilos ang dharma at adharma, at walang tigil na ipinapamahagi ang kanilang mga bunga. Sa ganitong paraan, ang Panahon—laging kumikilos—ay gumagawa sa pamamagitan ng isip ng mga nilalang upang ihatid ang mga bunga ng dharma at adharma.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Time (kāla) is presented as the universal force that, by entering the intellect of beings, activates tendencies toward dharma and adharma and ensures their corresponding results. Moral outcomes are not random; they unfold through a cosmic-temporal order working through human discernment and choice.
In Bhishma’s instruction in the Anushasana Parva, he explains a principle behind ethical causality: Time continually administers both restraint (nigraha) and favor (anugraha), and through the minds of creatures brings about the operation and consequences of righteousness and unrighteousness.