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Shloka 71

Description of the Torments within the Cycle of Rebirth: Hymn to Yama and the Introduction to Citragupta’s Administration

कर्मणां च क्षयो जातः संसारे यदि पच्यते ॥ विमुक्ताश्चेह लोकात्तु जनिष्यथ सुदुर्गताः

karmaṇāṃ ca kṣayo jātaḥ saṃsāre yadi pacyate || vimuktāś ceha lokāt tu janiṣyatha sudurgatāḥ

เมื่อความสิ้นไปแห่งผลกรรมเกิดขึ้นและ ‘สุกงอม’ (ถูกเสวยผล) อยู่ในสังสารวัฏแล้ว ครั้นพ้นจากโลกนี้ไป ท่านทั้งหลายจักเกิดในภาวะอันยากลำบากยิ่ง.

कर्मणाम्of actions/deeds
कर्मणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; Genitive plural
and
:
समुच्चय (connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
क्षयःdestruction/cessation
क्षयः:
कर्ता (कर्तृपद/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; Nominative singular
जातःhas arisen/has occurred
जातः:
विधेय (predicate participle)
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; past passive participle agreeing with क्षयः
संसारेin the world/cycle of existence
संसारे:
अधिकरण (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootसंसार (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; Locative singular
यदिif
यदि:
सम्बन्ध (condition marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
Formशर्तबोधक-अव्यय (conditional particle)
पच्यतेis cooked/ripens/is being exhausted
पच्यते:
क्रिया (verb)
TypeVerb
Rootपच् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; Present 3rd sg (Ātmanepada)
विमुक्ताःreleased/liberated
विमुक्ताः:
कर्ता (कर्तृपद/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + मुच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP) used adjectivally, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Nominative plural
and
:
समुच्चय (connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
इहhere
इह:
अधिकरण (adverbial location)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place)
लोकात्from the world
लोकात्:
अपादान (source/ablative)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; Ablative singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
सम्बन्ध (discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषबोधक-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)
जनिष्यथyou will be born
जनिष्यथ:
क्रिया (verb)
TypeVerb
Rootजन् (धातु)
Formलृट् (Simple Future), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष, बहुवचन; Future 2nd pl
सुदुर्गताःin very bad states/miserable
सुदुर्गताः:
विधेय (predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + दुर्गति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (दुर्गति-शब्दः), प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Nominative plural; adjective agreeing with implied स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रजा/गतयः or used predicatively

Varāha

Varaha Avatara Context: {"is_varaha_focus":true,"aspect_highlighted":"None","boar_form_detail":"None","earth_interaction":"None"}

Bhu Devi Dialogue: {"is_dialogue":false,"speaker_role":"instructor","bhu_devi_state":"None","key_question":"None"}

Mathura Mandala: {"is_mathura_related":false,"specific_site":"None","parikrama_context":"None","krishna_connection":"None"}

Dharma Shastra: {"has_dharma_rule":true,"topic":"None","instruction_summary":"When karmic stock is exhausted through lived experience (‘pacyate’), beings depart and take rebirth according to remaining tendencies, sometimes into severe misfortune.","karmic_consequence":"After the present-life karmas are worked out, release from the current state leads to rebirth in ‘sudurgaṭā’ conditions if underlying pāpa/saṃskāras persist."}

Vrata Mahatmya: {"has_vrata":false,"vrata_name":"None","tithi_month":"None","promised_fruit":"None"}

Cosmic Boar Symbolism: {"has_symbolism":false,"symbolic_interpretation":"None","yajna_varaha_imagery":"None","vedantic_connection":"None"}

Philosophical Teaching: {"has_teaching":true,"teaching_type":"karma theory / rebirth doctrine","core_concept":"Karma ‘ripens’ (pacyate) and is ‘exhausted’ (kṣaya), but rebirth follows the deeper causal remainder—latent dispositions and unspent merit/demerit.","practical_application":"Do not rely on time alone to ‘burn off’ wrongdoing; transform saṃskāras through dharmic living, generosity, restraint, and (where relevant) prāyaścitta and devotion."}

Subject Matter: ["Ethics","Cosmology"]

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: cosmological process-space

Related Themes: Varāha Purāṇa 198 (karma-causality and post-mortem trajectory discussion)

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"An allegorical wheel of saṃsāra shows karma being ‘cooked’ in the fire of experience; as one set of deeds ends, a being is propelled into a difficult rebirth.","item_prompts":["wheel of saṃsāra","fire/cauldron motif for ‘pacyate’","threads or seeds representing saṃskāras","a departing soul-form moving to a new womb/realm","Varāha indicating the cycle as teacher"],"kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural: circular saṃsāra mandala with stylized flames; Varāha as calm instructor; symbolic seeds/threads around the wheel.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore: ornate circular chakra with gold leaf; central flame motif; small rebirth vignettes around rim; Varāha with gold halo.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore: elegant allegory with soft gradients; emphasis on the ‘ripening’ metaphor via warm tones; restrained symbolism.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari: lyrical cyclic composition; delicate figures moving between scenes; fire motif rendered poetically; clear narrative flow."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"solemn, contemplative warning","suggested_raga":"Kalyani","pace":"slow-medium","voice_tone":"measured, philosophical, resonant"}

C
Classical Literature
P
Purāṇic Karma Theory
R
Rebirth Doctrine

FAQs

It preserves a standard Sanskrit metaphor—karma ‘ripening’ like cooked food—to describe moral causality and the mechanics of rebirth in Purāṇic cosmology.

No location is named; the verse addresses saṃsāra as a cosmological condition rather than a terrestrial site.

Actions have consequences that mature over time; release from one state does not end accountability, as future birth conditions are portrayed as karma-dependent.