Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 48

Devanagari script

दानवाश्च समाजग्मुर्ये तत्रासन्पुरोगताः । पातालाद्गिरिदुर्गाच्च स्थलदुर्गेभ्य एव च । कृतवैराः समं देवैः कोपेन महता वृताः

Transliteration

dānavāśca samājagmurye tatrāsanpurogatāḥ | pātālādgiridurgācca sthaladurgebhya eva ca | kṛtavairāḥ samaṃ devaiḥ kopena mahatā vṛtāḥ

Translation

และเหล่าทานวะก็ชุมนุมกัน—ผู้เป็นหัวหน้าในที่นั้น—มาจากปาตาละ จากป้อมปราการบนภูเขา และจากค่ายมั่นในที่ราบด้วย ครั้นมีเวรกับเหล่าเทวะมาเนิ่นนาน จึงถูกห่อหุ้มด้วยมหาโทสะ

Word by Word

• दानवाः: demons (Dānavas)
• दानवाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दानव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• समाजग्मुः: assembled, came together
• समाजग्मुः: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-√गम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• ये: who
• ये: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (सम्बन्ध-प्रत्यय: relative pronoun)

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb)

• आसन्: were
• आसन्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √अस् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (अनद्यतनभूत/Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• पुरोगताः: in the forefront, leading
• पुरोगताः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरस् + गत (√गम्, कृदन्त)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः अव्ययीभाव/तत्पुरुष-प्रायः (पुरः गताः = gone in front, leading)

• पातालात्: from the netherworld
• पातालात्: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाताल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/अपादान), एकवचन

• गिरिदुर्गात्: from the mountain stronghold
• गिरिदुर्गात्: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिरि + दुर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुष (गिरेः दुर्गात् = from the mountain-fort)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• स्थलदुर्गेभ्यः: from the land-forts
• स्थलदुर्गेभ्यः: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थल + दुर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, बहुवचन; समासः तत्पुरुष (स्थलेषु दुर्गेभ्यः = from land-forts)

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: Sambandha (Emphasis/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चय/अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• कृतवैराः: having formed enmity
• कृतवैराः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत (√कृ, कृदन्त) + वैर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः कर्मधारय (कृतं वैरं येषां/कृतवैराः = having made enmity)

• समम्: together, equally
• समम्: Kriya-viseshana (Adverb/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समम् (अव्यय)
• Form: रीत्यर्थ-अव्यय (adverb: equally/together)

• देवैः: with the gods
• देवैः: Sahakaraka (Association/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), बहुवचन

• कोपेन: by anger
• कोपेन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• महता: great, intense
• महता: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन (कोपेन इति विशेषण)

• वृताः: covered, enveloped
• वृताः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √वृ (धातु) → वृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (कर्तृ-विशेषण)

Speaker

Narrator (Purāṇic narrator; specific speaker not explicit in the provided excerpt)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A vast mustering of Dānavas from subterranean Pātāla, rugged mountain forts, and walled plains; banners and weapons; faces dark with wrath; looming fort silhouettes and cavern mouths.

Characters & Entities

• Dānavas
• Devas
• Pātāla

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Sustained hostility (vaira) fuels collective anger and escalates violence; dharma warns against nurturing enmity as a way of life.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

No specific tīrtha is named in this verse; it provides narrative background within a tīrtha-māhātmya chapter.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None; the verse is descriptive of mobilization and anger.