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Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 1

ऋषय ऊचुः । नारद उवाच । अष्टादश प्रकृतयः का वदस्व पितामह । वृत्तिस्तासां च को धर्मः सर्वं विस्तरतो मम

ṛṣaya ūcuḥ | nārada uvāca | aṣṭādaśa prakṛtayaḥ kā vadasva pitāmaha | vṛttistāsāṃ ca ko dharmaḥ sarvaṃ vistarato mama

เหล่าฤๅษีกล่าวแล้ว นารทกล่าวว่า: “โอ้ปิตามหะพรหมา โปรดบอกข้าพเจ้าว่า ‘ปรกฤติ’ ทั้งสิบแปดประการคืออะไร และการเลี้ยงชีพกับธรรมของแต่ละประการเป็นเช่นไร ขอจงอธิบายแก่ข้าพเจ้าโดยพิสดาร”

ṛṣayaḥthe sages
ṛṣayaḥ:
Karta (Speaker/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन
ūcuḥsaid
ūcuḥ:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect); प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्
nāradaḥNārada
nāradaḥ:
Karta (Speaker/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnārada (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
aṣṭādaśaeighteen
aṣṭādaśa:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootaṣṭādaśa (प्रातिपदिक; संख्या)
Formअव्ययवत् संख्याशब्दः; प्रजा/प्रकृतयः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
prakṛtayaḥnatures/constituents
prakṛtayaḥ:
Karma (Object of inquiry/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन
kāḥwhich (are they)?
kāḥ:
Karma (Predicate complement/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक; सर्वनाम)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, बहुवचन; प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम
vadasvatell (me)
vadasva:
Kriya (Request/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvad (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative); मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्
pitāmahaO Grandfather (Brahmā)
pitāmaha:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootpitāmaha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन
vṛttiḥfunction/means of livelihood
vṛttiḥ:
Karma (Object of inquiry/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन
tāsāmof those (prakṛtis)
tāsām:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक; सर्वनाम)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
kaḥwhat (is)?
kaḥ:
Karma (Predicate complement/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक; सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक-सर्वनाम
dharmaḥduty/law
dharmaḥ:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन
sarvameverything
sarvam:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन; सर्वम् = all (as object)
vistarataḥin detail
vistarataḥ:
Kriya-visheṣaṇa (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvistara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb) = in detail
mamato me / for me
mama:
Sampradana (Beneficiary/सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक; सर्वनाम)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन

Nārada (with introductory cue ‘Ṛṣayaḥ ūcuḥ’ preserved)

Listener: Śaunaka and other sages (implied outer audience); within, Nārada addresses Brahmā

Scene: Brahmā seated on a lotus instructs Nārada, who holds a vīṇā and gestures inquisitively; around them are symbolic emblems of various livelihoods/classes (plough, scriptures, trade scales, tools).

N
Nārada
B
Brahmā
Ṛṣayaḥ

FAQs

True dharma includes understanding one’s duties and rightful livelihood within the cosmic and social order.

This verse opens a doctrinal inquiry; the broader frame remains within Nāgara-khaṇḍa’s Tīrtha-māhātmya stream rather than naming a new tīrtha here.

None; it is a request for teaching about dharma and occupations.